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things for the people！〃
I was； I must confess； a decided partisan of the foundation in France of
a new chivalric order； because I think； in every well…conducted State；
the chief of the Government ought to do all in his power to stimulate the
honour of the citizens； and to render them more sensible to honorary
distinctions than to pecuniary advantages。 I tried； however； at the same
time to warn the First Consul of his precipitancy。 He heard me not； but
I must with equal frankness confess that on this occasion I was soon
freed from all apprehension with respect to the consequences of the
difficulties he had to encounter in the Council and in the other
constituted orders of the State。
On the 4th of May 1801 lie brought forward； for the first time
officially； in the Council of State the question of the establishment of
the Legion of Honour； which on the 19th May 1802 was proclaimed a law of
the State。 The opposition to this measure was very great； and all the
power of the First Consul； the force of his arguments； and the immense
influence of his position； could procure him no more than 14 votes out of
24。 The same feeling was displayed at the Tribunate； where the measure
only passed by a vote of 56 to 38。 The balance was about the same in the
Legislative Body； where the votes were 166 to 110。 It follows； then；
that out of the 394 voters in those three separate bodies a majority only
of 78 was obtained。 Surprised at so feeble a majority； the First Consul
said in the evening； 〃Ah！ I see very clearly the prejudices are still
too strong。 You were right； I should have waited。 It was not a thing of
such urgency。 But then； it must be owned； the speakers for the measure
defended it badly。 The strong minority has not judged me fairly。〃
〃Be calm；〃 rejoined I： 〃without doubt it would have been better to wait；
but the thing is done； and you will soon find that the taste for these
distinctions is not near gone by。 It is a taste which belongs to the
nature of man。 You may expect some extraordinary circumstances from this
creationyou will soon see them。〃
In April 1802 the First Consul left no stone unturned to get himself
declared Consul for life。 It is perhaps at this epoch of his career that
he most brought into play those principles of duplicity and dissimulation
which are commonly called Machiavellian。 Never were trickery； falsehood；
cunning； and affected moderation put into play with more talent or
success。
In the month of March hereditary succession and a dynasty were in
everybody's mouths。 Lucien was the most violent propagator of these
ideas； and he pursued his vocation of apostle with constancy and address。
It has already been mentioned that； by his brother's confession； he
published in 1800 a pamphlet enforcing the same ideas； which work
Bonaparte afterwards condemned as a premature development of his
projects。 M。 de Talleyrand； whose ideas could not be otherwise than
favourable to the monarchical form of government； was ready to enter into
explanations with the Cabinets of Europe on the subject。 The words which
now constantly resounded in every ear were 〃stability and order；〃 under
cloak of which the downfall of the people's right was to be concealed。
At the same time Bonaparte； with the view of disparaging the real friends
of constitutional liberty； always called them ideologues；
＇I have classed all these people under the denomination of
Ideologues； which； besides； is what specially and literally fits
them；searchers after ideas （ideas generally empty）。 They have
been made more ridiculous than even I expected by this application；
a correct one； of the term ideologue to them。 The phrase has been
successful； I believe； because it was mine （Napoleon in Iung's
Lucien； tome ii。 p； 293）。 Napoleon welcomed every attack on this
description of sage。 Much pleased with a discourse by Royer
Collard； he said to Talleyrand； 〃Do you know； Monsieur is Grand
Electeur； that a new and serious philosophy is rising in my
university； which may do us great honour and disembarrass us
completely of the ideologues； slaying them on the spot by
reasoning？〃 It is with something of the same satisfaction that
Renan； writing of 1898； says that the finer dreams had been
disastrous when brought into the domain of facts； and that human
concerns only began to improve when the ideologues ceased to meddle
with them （Souvenirs； p。 122）。＇
or terrorists。 Madame Bonaparte opposed with fortitude the influence of
counsels which she believed fatal to her husband。 He indeed spoke
rarely； and seldom confidentially； with her on politics or public
affairs。 〃Mind your distaff or your needle；〃 was with him a common
phrase。 The individuals who applied themselves with most perseverance in
support of the hereditary question were Lucien； Roederer； Regnault de St。
Jean d'Angely； and Fontanel。 Their efforts were aided by the conclusion
of peace with England； which； by re…establishing general tranquillity for
a time； afforded the First Consul an opportunity of forwarding any plan。
While the First Consul aspired to the throne of France； his brothers；
especially Lucien； affected a ridiculous pride and pretension。 Take an
almost incredible example of which I was witness。 On Sunday； the 9th of
May； Lucien came to see Madame Bonaparte； who said to him； 〃Why did you
not come to dinner last Monday？〃〃Because there was no place marked for
me： the brothers of Napoleon ought to have the first place after him。〃
〃What am I to understand by that？〃 answered Madame Bonaparte。 〃If you
are the brother of Bonaparte； recollect what you were。 At my house all
places are the same。 Eugene world never have committed such a folly。〃
＇On such points there was constant trouble with the Bonapartist
family； as will be seen in Madame de Remusat's Memoirs。 For an
instance； in 1812； where Joseph insisted on his mother taking
precedence of Josephine at a dinner in his house； when Napoleon
settled the matter by seizing Josephine's arm and leading her in
first； to the consternation of the party。 But Napoleon； right in
this case； had his own ideas on such points； 〃The place of the
Princess Elisa； the eldest of his sisters； had been put below that
of Caroline； Queen of Naples。 Elisa was then only princess of
Lucca。 The Emperor suddenly rose； and by a shift to the right
placed the Princess Elisa above the Queen。 'Now；' said he； 'do not
forget that in the imperial family I am the only King ' （Iung's
Lucien； tome ii。 p。 251）； This rule he seems to have adhered to；
for when he and his brothers went in the same carriage to the Champ
de Mai in 1815； Jerome； titular King of Westphalia； had to take the
front seat； while his elder brother； Lucien； only bearing the Roman
title of Prince de Canino； sat on one of the seats of honour
alongside Napoleon。 Jerome was disgusted； and grumbled at a King
having to give way to a mere Roman Prince； See Iung's Lucien； tome
ii。 p； 190。＇
At this period； when the