按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
25
There was something in a state of fusion before heaven and earth were formed。 How tranquil； how void it is； it stands alone and changes not； it permeates universally and never tires。 It may be regarded as the mother of All…under…heaven。
Its proper name I know not； but I call it by the by…name 〃Way〃； and； to the best of my ability； inventing a term for it； I should call it 〃great〃。 〃Great〃 means 〃to pass on〃； 〃to pass on〃 means 〃to go far〃； 〃to go far〃 means 〃to revert〃 （t the contrary）。
Thus： the Way is great； heaven is great； earth is great and the king is great。 There are in the world four great ones and the king is one thereof。 The king patterns himself on earth； earth patterns itself on heaven； heaven patterns itself on the Way； and the Way patterns itself on the Natural。
26
Gravity is the root of lightness； stillness the master of agitation。
Thus a nobleman travels all day without leaving his baggage…wagon。 Though he may have a camp and watch…towers （around him）； he sits quietly and undisturbed。
How should then a lord of ten thousand chariots conduct himself lightly in regard to All…under…heaven？
If he conducts himself lightly； he will lose the mastery。
27
For a skilful traveller there are neither tracks nor traces。
For a skilful speaker there is neither blame nor praise。
A skilful reckoner used no counting…tallies。
A skilful 'closer' does not bar or bolt； yet to open （what he has shut） would be impossible。
A skilful binder does not twine or know； yet to loosen （what he has bound） would be impossible。
Thus the Saint is constantly good at saving men。 Even of the not…good； who will be rejected？
He is constantly good at saving things： for he acts without rejecting things。 This is called a twofold understanding。 For a good man is the master of the not…good； and the not…good are the material for the good。 However wise one may be； not to value ones master； or not to be sparing of one's material； is a great error。 This is called the chief wonder。
28
Conscious of what is virile； yet keeping to what is feminine； that is being a ravine for All…under…heaven。 Because he is a ravine for All…under…heaven； the permanent Virtue （〃Power〃； Te） will not seep out。 He returns to the state of infancy。
Conscious of what is white； yet keeping to what is black； that is being a measure for All…under…heaven。 Because he is a measure for All…under…heaven； the permanent Virtue （〃Power〃； Te） will not fail him。 He returns to that state where there are no poles。
Conscious of what is glorious； yet keeping to ignominy； that is being a valley for All…under…heaven。 Because he is a valley for All…under…heaven； the permanent Virtue （〃Power〃； Te） will be sufficient。 He returns to the state of uncarved wood。
Uncarved wood （cut and） dispersed forms （various） vessels； but the Saint； by using it； becomes the chief minister。
For great carving is not done by hacking。
29
Those who would seize All…under…heaven by means of action； … I have seen to what plight they come！
The spiritual vessel of All…under…heaven cannot me made。 He who makes it； spoils it； he who holds it； loses it。
Therefore the Saint does nothing and so spoils nothing； he holds nothing and so loses nothing。
For things sometimes go forward； sometimes they lag behind； sometimes they breathe gently； sometimes they pant violently； sometimes they are strong； sometimes they are feeble； sometimes they start afresh； sometimes they decay。
Therefore the Saint avoids too much emphasis； he avoids extravagance； he avoids excess。
30
He who； in harmony with the Way； would assist a lord of men； will not coerce All…under…heaven by force of arms。 Such things are apt to recoil。
Wherever great armies are stationed； briars and thorns grow。
In the wake of great campaigns bad years are sure to follow。
A skilful （general） is resolute； that is all。 He dares not use violence in seizing （the empire）。 Let him be resolute but not boastful； let him be resolute but not vainglorious； let him be resolute but not haughty。 Let him be resolute because he has no choice。 Let him be resolute but no use violence。
31
Truly； it is because arms are instruments of evil； which for ever are loathed by all beings； that one who has the Way has no concern with them。
At home a nobleman values the left as the place of honour； but when he bears arms； he values the right as the place of honour。
Arms are instruments of evil and not the instruments proper to a nobleman。 Only when forced to do so he bears them； and peace and quiet he sets above all。 Even when he conquers； he finds no beauty in it。 Should he find beauty in it； he would take pleasure in the slaughter of men。 He who takes pleasure in the slaughter of men； will never get his will in All…under…heaven。
On joyful occasions the left is valued as the place of honour； on sad occasions the right is valued。 The second…in…command is posted on the left； the commander…in…chief is posted on the right； which means that they are placed in accordance with the mourning rites。 The slaughter of multitude of men is bewailed with sorrow and lamentation。 Therefore； upon a victory in war； they are placed in accordance with the mourning rites。
32
The Way has the simplicity of the nameless。 As soon as it is carved； there are names。
Since the names also exist； the Saint will now where to abide。 He who knows where to abide； may be without peril。
The relation of the Way to All…under…heaven may be compared to that of torrents and valleys to the River and the sea。
33
He who knows others； is knowing； he who knows himself； is enlightened。
He who vanquishes others； has power； he who vanquishes himself； is strong。
He who acts forcefully； has determination； he who knows contentment； is rich。
He who departs not from his allotted place； will last； he who dies without perishing； will have long life。
34
How ambiguous is the great Way！ It may go left or it may go right。
The ten thousand things depend on it for their existence； and it denies them not。
When a work has been completed； it does not appropriate it。
It clothes and nourishes the ten thousand things； but it does not act as their master。
It may be named with the smallest things。
The ten thousand things revert to it； but it does not act as their master。
It may be named with the greatest things。
Because it never asserts its own greatness； therefore it is able to achieve its proper greatness。
35
To him who holds the great Image； All…under…heaven will resort。
Those who resort to him； will suffer no harm； but will dwell in peace and union （with heaven and earth）。
Music and dainties will make a passing stranger halt his steps。
But the words which are uttered about the Way； … how insipid and without flavour are they！
Looked at； it is not worth seeing。
Listened to； it is not worth hearing。
But used； it cannot be exhausted！
36
If you wish to contract； you should first expand。
If you wish to weaken； you shou