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04道德经英译本85种-第231章

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  Prominence regards the humble as basis
  This is why leaders & sovereigns refer to themselves
  as orphaned & friendless; without worth
  Does this not regard the common as root?
  Not so?
  Just as obtaining tallies of chariots
  will not be (real) chariots
  Do not long to dazzle & jingle like jade
  Clunk & clatter like rocks

  40

  Reversal is the movement of the way
  Yielding is the method of the way
  The myriad beings in nature arose out of being
  Being arose out of nothing

  41

  Superior students; hearing of the way;
  Are diligent and practice it
  Average students; hearing of the way;
  Sometimes attend & sometimes forget
  Inferior students; hearing of the way;
  Laugh greatly about it
  Without the laughter there would be no grounds
  to regard this as the way
  And so the established proverbs hold that:
  Brightness; to the way; is as good as darkness
  Advance; to the way; is as good as retreat
  Evenness; to the way; is as good as roughness
  The summit of character is as good as a valley
  The greatest whiteness is as good as soiled
  Abundant character seems inadequate
  Established character seems furtive
  The evident truth seems spurious
  The greatest square has no corner
  The greatest capacity is last to be realized
  The greatest note is the rarest sound
  The greatest image has no form
  The way is hidden & nameless
  (But) because way is good at acceptance
  (it is) also fulfilling

  42

  The way begets the one
  The one begets the two
  The two beget the three
  The three beget the myriad beings
  The myriad beings carry the shadow and embrace the light
  Mixing the breaths with harmonious action
  People have their reasons to truly dislike being
  揙rphaned & friendless; without worth?br》 Yet sovereign & duke take (these) as titles
  Since beings may sometimes lose something; and yet benefit
  May sometimes gain something; and yet be diminished
  What someone else has taught
  I too come to teach:
  Those who are forceful & hostile
  do not meet their (natural) ends
  I will regard (this) as a premise of the teaching

  43

  Nature at its most yielding
  Quickly overcomes nature at its most firm
  Non…being enters (where) there is no gap
  This is how we know (that) inaction
  comes to have such advantages
  The doctrine which has no words
  The benefits of taking no action …
  Few in the world attain these

  44

  Reputation compared to life; which is dearer?
  Life compared to property; which is (worth) more?
  Gain compared to loss; which is (more) distressing?
  It is a given that extreme affection
  Entails great cost
  Much stored up entails heavy loss
  To understand sufficiency is no disgrace
  To understand restraint avoids limits …
  (This is) the right way to live long

  45

  A great achievement (may) seem deficient
  But its function is not impaired
  A great fulfillment (may) seem empty
  But its function is not diminished
  Great straightforwardness (might) seem compromised
  Great artfulness (might) seem clumsy
  Great eloquence (might) seem to stammer
  Restlessness overcomes cold
  Stillness overcomes heat
  Clarity & stillness act as measures to the world

  46

  When the world holds to the way
  Retired racehorses are useful for manure
  When the world loses the way
  War horses breed throughout the frontier
  There is no vice greater than submitting to greed
  No suffering greater than never knowing sufficiency
  No error greater than the hunger for gain
  So to know that sufficiency is in itself sufficient
  Is a truly durable sufficiency

  47

  Without going out the door
  Comprehend (all) under heaven
  Without peering out the window
  Observe the way of heaven
  The farther beyond one goes
  One抯 comprehension is by that much diminished
  This is why wise ones (might) not move about; but still know
  (Might) not witness; but still describe
  (Might) not act; but still accomplish

  48

  The pursuit of learning (means) increasing daily
  The pursuit of the way (means) decreasing daily
  Decreasing things and then subtracting
  In order to arrive at not doing
  (When) nothing is done; then nothing remains undone
  To capture the world; always apply the least effort
  As soon as one has to make effort
  (One is) no longer adequate to the purpose
  of capturing the world

  49

  Wise ones have no set mind
  Regarding the hundred families?minds as 搈ind?br》 To those who are good we have good to extend
  To those who are less than good we also have good to extend
  To merit goodness
  To those who are true we have truth to extend
  To those who are less than true we also have truth to extend
  To merit truth
  Wise ones are in the world
  Uniting; connecting; adopting the world
  Merging with their hearts
  The hundred families; as one; pay heed;
  with their 揾earkening?& 揵eholding?br》 The wise ones; as one; come to laugh like children

  50

  Emerging in life (or) entering death
  The companions of life will be three (in) ten
  The companions of death will be three (in) ten
  And others whose lives & actions approach the domain of death
  Will also be three (in) ten
  Now why is this so?
  Because these live life for its substance
  Now hear of the one adept at sustaining life
  Traveling the countryside; not meeting buffalo or tiger
  Entering a battle; not carrying armor or weapons …
  The buffalo finds no place to thrust its horns
  The tiger finds no place to sink its claws
  The weapon finds no place to admit its blade
  Now why is this so?
  Because in this one there is no place for death

  51

  The way gives things life
  Character raises them
  Existence shapes them
  Conditions complete them
  So it is that the myriad beings; without exception;
  Ennoble the way and honor character
  The way will be ennobled
  Character will be honored
  But nobody has to command this
  as it always proceeds out of nature
  In this way the way gives things life
  Character raises them
  Sustains them; brings them up
  Shelters them; heals them
  Nurtures them; protects them
  Creates but does not possess
  Acts but does not expect
  Leads but does not rule
  These may be called 搈ystic powers?br》
  52

  The world had a beginning
  Regarded as mother to the world
  Having found this mother
  Through this comprehend her children
  Having comprehended her children
  Return & attend to the mother
  The death of self is nothing to fear
  Close the passages
  Secure the gates
  (And) the rest of life is no trouble
  Open the passages
  Conclude the affairs
  (And) the rest of life finds no salvation
  To perceive in detail tells of clarity
  To maintain flexibility tells of strength
  Make use of what is illuminated
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