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herst Point） and Amherst or Upper Amherst； Vill…La…Butte； and La Planche。 There were settlements also at Maccan； Nappan and Minudie。 The statement that the village of Beaubassin； in 1750； contained a hundred and forty houses； and a population numbering a thousand； seems improbable under the circumstances。
Fort Lawrence； the site of old Beaubassin； contains to…day less than forty houses； and not more than three hundred inhabitants； yet more land is under cultivation now than in any previous time in its history。 It is highly probable that the whole population on the south side of the Isthmus was reckoned as belonging to Beaubassin。
There is good reason for saying that the population of the district embraced in the parish of Westmoreland； excepting Port Elgin； was much larger from 1750 to 1755 than it has ever been since。
The Seigneur La Valliere was； no doubt； the most prominent man； politically； on the Isthmus during the French period。 He was appointed commandant of Acadia in 1678； by Count Frontenac； and just missed being made governor。 He was a man of broader views than most of his contemporaries。 He encouraged trade； and was willing that others beside his own countrymen should reap the benefits if they were ready to pay the price。 He anticipated the MODUS VIVENDI system now in force between this country and the United States in dealing with the fisheries； and instead of keeping a large fleet to patrol the coast and drive the English from the fishing ground； he charged them a license fee of five pistoles （about twenty…five dollars） for each vessel； thus giving them a free hand in the business。
La Valliere's farm was probably on the island marked on the old maps； 〃Isle La Valliere；〃 and here he lived when not in other parts of the colony on public business。 He had a son called Beaubassin； who was always ready to take a hand in any expedition that required courage and promised danger。 In 1703； this Beaubassin was the leader of a party of French and Indians that attacked Casco and would have captured the place but for the timely arrival of a British man…of…war。
On the 11th April； 1713； the Treaty of Utrecht was signed。 This gave all Nova Scotia； or Acadia； comprehended within its ancient boundaries； as also the city of Port Royal； now called Annapolis Royal； to the Queen of Great Britain。 The English claimed this to include all the territory east of a line drawn from north of the Kennebec River to Quebec； taking in all the south shore of the St。 Lawrence； Gaspe； the Island of St。 John； and Cape Breton。 The French contended that Acadia only included the southern half of the present Province of Nova Scotia。 Views so divergent held by the contracting parties to an agreement； could scarcely fail to produce irritation and ultimately result in war。
In 1740； the Abbe Le Loutre； Vicar…General of Acadia under the Bishop of Quebec； and missionary to the Micmacs； came to Acadia to take charge of his mission。 It soon became apparent that the Rev。 Father was more anxious to advance the power and prestige of the King of France than he was to minister to the spiritual elevation of the benighted Indians。 The course pursued by the Abbe defeated the end he had in view。 His aim was to make Acadia a French colony； but in reality he helped to make it the most loyal British territory in North America。
The successful raid of de Villiers； in the winter of 1747； convinced the English that so long as Chignecto was in possession of the French； and was used as a base of operations to defy the English Government； there could be no lasting peace or security for settlers of British blood。 Taking this view of the matter； Governor Cornwallis determined to take measures to drive the French from the Isthmus。 The unsettled state of the French population through the Province contributed to this decision。
In November； 1754； Governor Lawrence wrote to Shirley； at Boston； that he had reason to believe the French were contemplating aggressive measures at Chignecto； and he thought it was quite time an effort was made to drive them from the north side of the Bay of Fundy。 Col。 Monckton carried this letter to Governor Shirley。 The governor entirely agreed with the suggestion it contained； and had already taken some steps to bring about so desirable an end to the troubles the Government was experiencing on the Isthmus。
The matter was kept as secret as possible； but efforts were immediately made to raise a force to capture Fort Beausejour； the new fort built by the French on the high ground overlooking Beaubassin； on the north…west side of the Missiquash。 So successful were they in getting up the expedition that； on the 23rd of May； everything was ready and the force set sail from Boston。
The expedition numbered two thousand men； under the command of Lieut。… Col。 Monckton； with Lieutenants Winslow and Scott under him。 They called at Annapolis； and were joined there by three hundred regulars of Warburton's regiment； and got a small train of artillery。 Fort Lawrence* was reached on 2nd June； and the next day all the troops were landed and camped around the fort。
＇FOOTNOTE： *The fort at Fort Lawrence； was situate on the high land that separates the valleys of the Missiquash and La Planche rivers； a little less than two miles distant from Fort Beausejour。 It was constructed in the month of September； 1750。 Lieutenant…Colonel Lawrence arrived at the Isthmus with a strong force； consisting of the 48th Regiment； and three hundred men of the 45th Regiment。 〃The Indians and some of the French were rash enough to oppose the landing of so formidable a body of troops； but they were driven off after a sharp skirmish； in which the English lost about twenty killed and wounded。〃 A short distance from where they landed Colonel Lawrence erected a picketal fort with block…houses； which was named for himself。 A garrison of six hundred men was maintained here until the fall of Beausejour。 END OF FOOTNOTE＇
Vergor； the French General in command at Beausejour； called on all the Acadians capable of bearing arms to come into the fort and assist in its defence。 The Acadians； however； would not obey this order unless Vergor would make a refusal to comply punishable with death。 This would given them an excuse with which to meet the English if the fort were taken。
On the 4th June； the English broke camp and marched north from Fort Lawrence； a distance of about two miles along the ridge of high land； then； entering the Missiquash valley； they crossed over to Pont a Buot； or Buot's Bridge； which spanned the Missiquash River。 This bridge was near what is now Point de Bute Corner。 Here the French had a blockhouse garrisoned with thirty men。 There was also a breastwork of timber。 This place was defended for an hour by the French； and then； setting fire to the little fort； they left the English to cross over without opposition。 The victorious force camped that night on the Point de Bute side of the Missiquash River。
At this day it is difficult to account for the slight value the Acadian seemed to place upon his home。 He appears to have been always ready to set it on fire at the least danger of its falling into the hands of the English。 The sixty houses that stood between