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ric man。 In what rank？〃 Oh； I was a fifer！〃
But hunting and war did not by any means occupy the whole of Big Tom's life。 He was also engaged in 〃lawin'。〃 He had a long…time feud with a neighbor about a piece of land and alleged trespass； and they'd been 〃lawin'〃 for years； with no definite result； but as a topic of conversation it was as fully illustrative of frontier life as the bear…fighting。
Long after we had all gone to bed； we heard Big Tom's continuous voice； through the thin partition that separated us from the kitchen； going on to his little boy about the bear； every circumstance of how he tracked him； and what corner of the field he entered； and where he went out； and his probable size and age； and the prospect of his coming again； these were the details of real everyday life； and worthy to be dwelt on by the hour。 The boy was never tired of pursuing them。 And Big Tom was just a big boy； also； in his delight in it all。
Perhaps it was the fascination of Big Tom； perhaps the representation that we were already way off the Big Ivy route； and that it would； in fact； save time to go over the mountain and we could ride all the way； that made the Professor acquiesce； with no protest worth noticing； in the preparations that went on； as by a natural assumption； for going over Mitchell。 At any rate； there was an early breakfast； luncheon was put up； and by half…past seven we were riding up the Caney；a half…cloudy day；Big Tom swinging along on foot ahead； talking nineteen to the dozen。 There was a delightful freshness in the air； the dew…laden bushes； and the smell of the forest。 In half an hour we called at the hunting shanty of Mr。 Murchison； wrote our names on the wall； according to custom； and regretted that we could not stay for a day in that retreat and try the speckled trout。 Making our way through the low growth and bushes of the valley； we came into a fine open forest； watered by a noisy brook； and after an hour's easy going reached the serious ascent。
》From Wilson's to the peak of Mitchell it is seven and a half miles； we made it in five and a half hours。 A bridle path was cut years ago； but it has been entirely neglected。 It is badly washed； it is stony； muddy； and great trees have fallen across it which wholly block the way for horses。 At these places long detours were necessary； on steep hillsides and through gullies； over treacherous sink…holes in the rocks； through quaggy places； heaps of brush； and rotten logs。 Those who have ever attempted to get horses over such ground will not wonder at the slow progress we made。 Before we were halfway up the ascent； we realized the folly of attempting it on horseback； but then to go on seemed as easy as to go back。 The way was also exceedingly steep in places； and what with roots； and logs； and slippery rocks and stones； it was a desperate climb for the horses。
What a magnificent forest！ Oaks； chestnuts； Poplars； hemlocks； the cucumber （a species of magnolia； with a pinkish； cucumber…like cone）； and all sorts of northern and southern growths meeting here in splendid array。 And this gigantic forest； with little diminution in size of trees； continued two thirds of the way up。 We marked； as we went on； the maple； the black walnut； the buckeye； the hickory； the locust； and the guide pointed out in one section the largest cherry… trees we had ever seen； splendid trunks； each worth a large sum if it could be got to market。 After the great trees were left behind； we entered a garden of white birches； and then a plateau of swamp； thick with raspberry bushes； and finally the ridges； densely crowded with the funereal black balsam。
Halfway up； Big Tom showed us his favorite； the biggest tree he knew。 It was a poplar； or tulip。 It stands more like a column than a tree； rising high into the air； with scarcely a perceptible taper； perhaps sixty； more likely a hundred； feet before it puts out a limb。
Its girth six feet from the ground is thirty…two feet！ I think it might be called Big Tom。 It stood here； of course； a giant； when Columbus sailed from Spain； and perhaps some sentimental traveler will attach the name of Columbus to it。
In the woods there was not much sign of animal life； scarcely the note of a bird； but we noticed as we rode along in the otherwise primeval silence a loud and continuous humming overhead； almost like the sound of the wind in pine tops。 It was the humming of bees！ The upper branches were alive with these industrious toilers； and Big Tom was always on the alert to discover and mark a bee…gum； which he could visit afterwards。 Honey hunting is one of his occupations。 Collecting spruce gum is another； and he was continually hacking off with his hatchet knobs of the translucent secretion。 How rich and fragrant are these forests！ The rhododendron was still in occasional bloom' and flowers of brilliant hue gleamed here and there。
The struggle was more severe as we neared the summit； and the footing worse for the horses。 Occasionally it was safest to dismount and lead them up slippery ascents； but this was also dangerous； for it was difficult to keep them from treading on our heels； in their frantic flounderings； in the steep； wet； narrow； brier…grown path。 At one uncommonly pokerish place； where the wet rock sloped into a bog； the rider of Jack thought it prudent to dismount； but Big Tom insisted that Jack would 〃make it〃 all right； only give him his head。 The rider gave him his head； and the next minute Jack's four heels were in the air； and he came down on his side in a flash。 The rider fortunately extricated his leg without losing it； Jack scrambled out with a broken shoe； and the two limped along。 It was a wonder that the horses' legs were not broken a dozen times。
As we approached the top； Big Tom pointed out the direction； a half mile away； of a small pond； a little mountain tarn； overlooked by a ledge of rock； where Professor Mitchell lost his life。 Big Tom was the guide that found his body。 That day； as we sat on the summit； he gave in great detail the story； the general outline of which is well known。
The first effort to measure the height of the Black Mountains was made in 1835； by Professor Elisha Mitchell； professor of mathematics and chemistry in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill。 Mr。 Mitchell was a native of Connecticut； born in Washington； Litchfield County； in 1793； graduated at Yale； ordained a Presbyterian minister； and was for a time state surveyor； and became a professor at Chapel Hill in 1818。 He first ascertained and published the fact that the Black Mountains are the highest land east of the Rocky Mountains。 In 1844 he visited the locality again。 Measurements were subsequently made by Professor Guyot and by Senator Clingman。 One of the peaks was named for the senator （the one next in height to Mitchell is described as Clingman on the state map）； and a dispute arose as to whether Mitchell had really visited and measured the highest peak。 Senator Clingman still maintains that he did not； and that the peak now known as Mitchell is the one that Clingman first described。 The estimates of altitudes made by the three explorers named differed considerably。 The height now fix