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and musician to the school of fine arts。
And to that of technical philosophy will come the mariner；
carpenter； shipwright； pumpmaker； clockmaker； machinist； optician；
metallurgist； founder； cutler； druggist； brewer； vintner； distiller；
dyer； painter； bleacher； soapmaker； tanner； powdermaker； saltmaker；
glassmaker； to learn as much as shall be necessary to pursue their
art understandingly； of the sciences of geometry； mechanics； statics；
hydrostatics； hydraulics； hydrodynamics； navigation； astronomy；
geography； optics； pneumatics； physics； chemistry； natural history；
botany； mineralogy and pharmacy。
The school of technical philosophy will differ essentially in
its functions from the other professional schools。 The others are
instituted to ramify and dilate the particular sciences taught in the
schools of the second grade on a general scale only。 The technical
school is to abridge those which were taught there too much _in
extenso_ for the limited wants of the artificer or practical man。
These artificers must be grouped together； according to the
particular branch of science in which they need elementary and
practical instruction； and a special lecture or lectures should be
prepared for each group。 And these lectures should be given in the
evening； so as not to interrupt the labors of the day。 The school；
particularly； should be maintained wholly at the public expense； on
the same principles with that of the ward schools。 Through the whole
of the collegiate course； at the hours of recreation on certain days；
all the students should be taught the manual exercise； military
evolutions and man；oeuvers should be under a standing organization as
a military corps； and with proper officers to train and command them；
A tabular statement of this distribution of the sciences will
place the system of instruction more particularly in view：
1st or Elementary Grade in the Ward Schools。
Reading； Writing； Arithmetic； Geography。
2d； or General Grade。
1。 Language and History； ancient and modern。
2。 Mathematics； viz： Mathematics pure；
Physico…Mathematics； Physics； Chemistry； Anatomy； Theory of Medicine；
Zoology； Botany and Mineralogy。 ｜P1352｜p1
3。 Philosophy； viz： Ideology； and Ethics； Law of Nature
and Nations； Government； Political Economy。
3d； or Professional Grades。
Theology and Ecclesiastical History； Law； Municipal and
Foreign； Practice of Medicine； Materia Medica and Pharmacy； Surgery；
Architecture； Military and Naval； and Projectiles； Technical
Philosophy； Rural Economy； Fine Arts。
On this survey of the field of science； I recur to the
question； what portion of it we mark out for the occupation of our
institution？ With the first grade of education we shall have nothing
to do。 The sciences of the second grade are our first object； and；
to adapt them to our slender beginnings； we must separate them into
groups； comprehending many sciences each； and greatly more； in the
first instance； than ought to be imposed on； or can be competently
conducted by a single professor permanently。 They must be subdivided
from time to time； as our means increase； until each professor shall
have no more under his care than he can attend to with advantage to
his pupils and ease to himself。 For the present； we may group the
sciences into professorships； as follows； subject； however； to be
changed； according to the qualifications of the persons we may be
able to engage。
I。 Professorship。
Languages and History； ancient and modern。
Belles…Lettres； Rhetoric and Oratory。
II。 Professorship。
Mathematics pure； Physico…Mathematics。
Physics； Anatomy； Medicine； Theory。
III。 Professorship。
Chemistry； Zoology； Botany； Mineralogy。
IV。 Professorship。
Philosophy。
The organization of the branch of the institution which
respects its government； police and economy； depending on principles
which have no affinity with those of its institution； may be the
subject of separate and subsequent consideration。
With this tribute of duty to the board of trustees； accept
assurances of my great esteem and consideration。
A LIBRARY FOR CONGRESS
_To Samuel H。 Smith_
_Monticello； September 21； 1814_
DEAR SIR； I learn from the newspapers that the Vandalism of
our enemy has triumphed at Washington over science as well as the
arts； by the destruction of the public library with the noble edifice
in which it was deposited。 Of this transaction； as of that of
Copenhagen； the world will entertain but one sentiment。 They will
see a nation suddenly withdrawn from a great war； full armed and full
handed； taking advantage of another whom they had recently forced
into it； unarmed； and unprepared； to indulge themselves in acts of
barbarism which do not belong to a civilized age。 When Van Ghent
destroyed their shipping at Chatham； and De Ruyter rode triumphantly
up the Thames； he might in like manner； by the acknowledgment of
their own historians； have forced all their ships up to London
bridge； and there have burnt them； the tower； and city； had these
examples been then set。 London； when thus menaced； was near a
thousand years old； Washington is but in its teens。
I presume it will be among the early objects of Congress to
re…commence their collection。 This will be difficult while the war
continues； and intercourse with Europe is attended with so much risk。
You know my collection； its condition and extent。 I have been fifty
years making it； and have spared no pains； opportunity or expense； to
make it what it is。 While residing in Paris； I devoted every
afternoon I was disengaged； for a summer or two； in examining all the
principal book…stores； turning over every book with my own hand； and
putting by everything which related to America； and indeed whatever
was rare and valuable in every science。 Besides this； I had standing
orders during the whole time I was in Europe； on its principal
book…marts； particularly Amsterdam； Frankfort； Madrid and London； for
such works relating to America as could not be found in Paris。 So
that in that department particularly； such a collection was made as
probably can never again be effected； because it is hardly probable
that the same opportunities； the same time； industry； perseverance
and expense； with some knowledge of the bibliography of the subject；
would again happen to be in concurrence。 During the same period； and
after my return to America； I was led to procure； also； whatever
related to the duties of those in the high concerns of the nation。
So that the collection； which I suppose is of between nine and ten
thousand volumes； while it includes what