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avenue of acacias leads to it from the station； … leads past； rather； and conducts you to a little high…backed bridge over the Aude； beyond which； detached and erect； a distinct mediaeval silhouette； the Cite presents itself。 Like a rival shop； on the in… vidious side of a street； it has 〃no connection〃 with the establishment across the way； although the two places are united （if old Carcassonne may be said to be united to anything） by a vague little rustic fau… bourg。 Perched on its solid pedestal； the perfect de… tachment of the Cite is what first strikes you。 To take leave； without delay； of the _ville…basse_； I may say that the splendid acacias I have mentioned flung a sum… merish dusk over the place； in which a few scattered remains of stout walls and big bastions looked vener… able and picturesque。 A little boulevard winds round the town； planted with trees and garnished with more benches than I ever saw provided by a soft…hearted municipality。 This precinct had a warm； lazy； dusty； southern look； as if the people sat out…of…doors a great deal； and wandered about in the stillness of summer nights。 The figure of the elder town； at these hours； must be ghostly enough on its neighboring hill。 Even by day it has the air of a vignette of Gustave Dore； a couplet of Victor Hugo。 It is almost too perfect； … as if it were an enormous model； placed on a big green table at a museum。 A steep； paved way； grass…grown like all roads where vehicles never pass； stretches up to it in the sun。 It has a double enceinte； complete outer walls and complete inner （these； elaborately forti… fied； are the more curious）； and this congregation of ramparts； towers； bastions； battlements； barbicans； is as fantastic and romantic as you please。 The approach I mention here leads to the gate that looks toward Toulouse； … the Porte de l'Aude。 There is a second； on the other side； called； I believe； the Porte Nar… bonnaise； a magnificent gate； flanked with towers thick and tall； defended by elaborate outworks； and these two apertures alone admit you to the place； … putting aside a small sally…port； protected by a great bastion； on the quarter that looks toward the Pyrenees。
As a votary； always； in the first instance； of a general impression； I walked all round the outer en… ceinte； … a process on the very face of it entertaining。 I took to the right of the Porte de l'Aude； without entering it； where the old moat has been filled in。 The filling…in of the moat has created a grassy level at the foot of the big gray towers； which； rising at frequent intervals； stretch their stiff curtain of stone from point to point。 The curtain drops without a fold upon the quiet grass； which was dotted here and there with a humble native； dozing away the golden afternoon。 The natives of the elder Carcassonne are all humble； for the core of the Cite has shrunken and decayed； and there is little life among the ruins。 A few tenacious laborers； who work in the neighboring fields or in the _ville…basse_； and sundry octogenarians of both sexes； who are dying where they have lived； and contribute much to the pictorial effect； … these are the principal inhabitants。 The process of con… verting the place from an irresponsible old town into a conscious 〃specimen〃 has of course been attended with eliminations； the population has； as a general thing； been restored away。 I should lose no time in saying that restoration is the great mark of the Cite。 M。 Viollet…le…Duc has worked his will upon it； put it into perfect order； revived the fortifications in every detail。 I do not pretend to judge the performance； carried out on a scale and in a spirit which really impose themselves on the imagination。 Few archi… tects have had such a chance； and M。 Viollet…le…Duc must have been the envy of the whole restoring fra… ternity。 The image of a more crumbling Carcassonne rises in the mind； and there is no doubt that forty years ago the place was more affecting。 On the other hand； as we see it to…day； it is a wonderful evocation； and if there is a great deal of new in the old； there is plenty of old in the new。 The repaired crenella… tions； the inserted patches； of the walls of the outer circle sufficiently express this commixture。 My walk brought me into full view of the Pyrenees； which； now that the sun had begun to sink and the shadows to grow long； had a wonderful violet glow。 The platform at the base of the walls has a greater width on this side； and it made the scene more complete。 Two or three old crones had crawled out of the Porte Nar… bonnaise； to examine the advancing visitor； and a very ancient peasant； lying there with his back against a tower； was tending half a dozen lean sheep。 A poor man in a very old blouse； crippled and with crutches lying beside him； had been brought out and placed on a stool； where he enjoyed the afternoon as best he might。 He looked so ill and so patient that I spoke to him； found that his legs were paralyzed and he was quite helpless。 He had formerly been seven years in the army； and had made the campaign of Mexico with Bazaine。 Born in the old Cite； he had come back there to end his days。 It seemed strange； as he sat there； with those romantic walls behind him and the great picture of the Pyrenees in front； to think that he had been across the seas to the far…away new world； had made part of a famous expedition； and was now a cripple at the gate of the mediaeval city where he had played as a child。 All this struck me as a great deal of history for so modest a figure； … a poor little figure that could only just unclose its palm for a small silver coin。
He was not the only acquaintance I made at Car… cassonne。 I had not pursued my circuit of the walls much further when I encountered a person of quite another type； of whom I asked some question which had just then presented； itself； and who proved to be the very genius of the spot。 He was a sociable son of the _ville…basse_； a gentleman； and； as I afterwards learned； an employe at the prefecture； … a person； in short； much esteemed at Carcassonne。 （I may say all this； as he will never read these pages。） He had been ill for a month； and in the company of his little dog was taking his first airing； in his own phrase he was _amoureux…fou de la Cite_； … he could lose no time in coming back to it。 He talked of it； indeed； as a lover； and； giving me for half an hour the advantage of his company； showed me all the points of the place。 （I speak here always of the outer enceinte； you penetrate to the inner … which is the specialty of Carcassonne； and the great curiosity … only by application at the lodge of the regular custodian； a remarkable func… tionary； who； half an hour later； when I had been in… troduced to him by my friend the amateur； marched me over the fortifications with a tremendous accompani… ment of dates and technical terms。） My companion pointed out to me in particular the traces of different periods in the structure of the walls。 There is a por… tentous amount of history embedded in them； begin… ning with Romans and Visigoths； here and there are marks of old breaches； hastily repaired。 We passed into the town； … into that part of it not included in the citadel。 It