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onishment increased as she saw the coldness of the people and the solemn； constrained air of the great men who escorted her。 Many anxious thoughts alarmed her； and she even went so far as to fear some intrigue of the King of Hungary。 Scarcely had her cortege arrived at Castle Arnaud； when the nobles； dividing into two ranks； let the queen pass with her counsellor Spinelli and two women； then closing up； they cut her off from the rest of her suite。 After this； each in turn took up his station as guardian of the fortress。
There was no room for doubt： the queen was a prisoner； but the cause of the manoeuvre it was impossible to guess。 She asked the high dignitaries； and they； protesting respectful devotion； refused to explain till they had news from Avignon。 Meanwhile all honours that a queen could receive were lavished on Joan； but she was kept in sight and forbidden to go out。 This new trouble increased her depression： she did not know what had happened to Louis of Tarentum； and her imagination； always apt at creating disasters； instantly suggested that she would soon be weeping for his loss。
But Louis； always with his faithful Acciajuoli； had after many fatiguing adventures been shipwrecked at the port of Pisa； thence he had taken route for Florence； to beg men and money； but the Florentines decided to keep an absolute neutrality； and refused to receive him。 The prince； losing his last hope； was pondering gloomy plans； when Nicholas Acciajuoli thus resolutely addressed him：
〃My lord； it is not given to mankind to enjoy prosperity for ever： there are misfortunes beyond all human foresight。 You were once rich and powerful； and you are now a fugitive in disguise； begging the help of others。 You must reserve your strength for better days。 I still have a considerable fortune； and also have relations and friends whose wealth is at my disposal： let us try to make our way to the queen； and at once decide what we can do。 I myself shall always defend you and obey you as my lord and master。〃
The prince received these generous offers with the utmost gratitude； and told his counsellor that he placed his person in his hands and all that remained of his future。 Acciajuoli； not content with serving his master as a devoted servant； persuaded his brother Angelo； Archbishop of Florence； who was in great favour at Clement VI's court； to join with them in persuading the pope to interest himself in the cause of Louis of Tarentum。 So； without further delay； the prince； his counsellor； and the good prelate made their way to the port of Marseilles； but learning that the queen was a prisoner at Aix； they embarked at Acque…Morte； and went straight to Avignon。 It soon appeared that the pope had a real affection and esteem for the character of the Archbishop of Florence； for Louis was received with paternal kindness at the court of Avignon； which was far more than he had expected： When he kneeled before the sovereign pontiff； His Holiness bent affectionately towards him and helped him to rise； saluting him by the title of king。
Two days later； another prelate； the Archbishop of Aix； came into the queen's presence；
〃Most gracious and dearly beloved sovereign； permit the most humble and devoted of your servants to ask pardon； in the name of your subjects； for the painful but necessary measure they have thought fit to take concerning your Majesty。 When you arrived on our coast； your loyal town of Aix had learned from a trustworthy source that the King of France was proposing to give our country to one of his own sons； making good this loss to you by the cession of another domain； also that the Duke of Normandy had come to Avignon to request this exchange in person。 We were quite decided； madam； and had made a vow to God that we would give up everything rather than suffer the hateful tyranny of the French。 But before spilling blood we thought it best to secure your august person as a sacred hostage； a sacred ark which no man dared touch but was smitten to the ground； which indeed must keep away from our walls the scourge of war。 We have now read the formal annulment of this hateful plan； in a brief sent by the sovereign pontiff from Avignon； and in this brief he himself guarantees your good faith。
〃We give you your full and entire liberty； and henceforth we shall only endeavour to keep you among us by prayers and protestations。 Go then； madam； if that is your pleasure； but before you leave these lands； which will be plunged into mourning by your withdrawal； leave with us some hope that you forgive the apparent violence to which we have subjected you； only in the fear that we might lose you； and remember that on the day when you cease to be our queen you sign the death…warrant of all your subjects。〃
Joan reassured the archbishop and the deputation from her good town of Aix with a melancholy smile； and promised that she would always cherish the memory of their affection。 For this time she could not be deceived as to the real sentiments of the nobles and people； and a fidelity so uncommon； revealed with sincere tears； touched her heart and made her reflect bitterly upon her past。 But a league's distance from Avignon a magnificent triumphal reception awaited her。 Louis of Tarentum and all the cardinals present at the court had come out to meet her。 Pages in dazzling dress carried above Joan's head a canopy of scarlet velvet； ornamented with fleur…de…lys in gold and plumes。 Hand some youths and lovely girls； their heads crowned with flowers； went before her singing her praise。 The streets were bordered with a living hedge of people； the houses were decked out； the bells rang a triple peal； as at the great Church festivals。 Clement VI first received the queen at the castle of Avignon with all the pomp he knew so well how to employ on solemn occasions； then she was lodged in the palace of Cardinal Napoleon of the Orsini； who on his return from the Conclave at Perugia had built this regal dwelling at Villeneuve； inhabited later by the popes。
No words could give an idea of the strangely disturbed condition of Avignon at this period。 Since Clement V had transported the seat of the papacy to Provence； there had sprung up； in this rival to Rome； squares； churches； cardinals' palaces； of unparalleled splendour。 All the business of nations and kings was transacted at the castle of Avignon。 Ambassadors from every court； merchants of every nation； adventurers of all kinds； Italians； Spaniards； Hungarians； Arabs； Jews； soldiers； Bohemians； jesters； poets； monks； courtesans； swarmed and clustered here； and hustled one another in the streets。 There was confusion of tongues； customs； and costumes； an inextricable mixture of splendour and rags； riches and misery； debasement and grandeur。 The austere poets of the Middle Ages stigmatised the accursed city in their writings under the name of the New Babylon。
There is one curious monument of Joan's sojourn at Avignon and the exercise of her authority as sovereign。 She was indignant at the effrontery of the women of the town； who elbowed everybody shamelessly in the streets； and published a notable edict； the first of its kind； which has since served as a model in like cases； to com