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foreigner to be present。
The illness was a short one； and there had been no time either for
prayers or pilgrimages on the sick man's behalf。 When death occurs
the body is laid with its head to the north （a position that the
living Japanese scrupulously avoid）； near a folding screen； between
which and it a new zen is placed； on which are a saucer of oil with
a lighted rush； cakes of uncooked rice dough； and a saucer of
incense sticks。 The priests directly after death choose the
kaimiyo； or posthumous name； write it on a tablet of white wood；
and seat themselves by the corpse； his zen； bowls； cups； etc。； are
filled with vegetable food and are placed by his side； the
chopsticks being put on the wrong； i。e。 the left； side of the zen。
At the end of forty…eight hours the corpse is arranged for the
coffin by being washed with warm water； and the priest； while
saying certain prayers； shaves the head。 In all cases； rich or
poor； the dress is of the usual make； but of pure white linen or
cotton。
At Omagori； a town near Rokugo； large earthenware jars are
manufactured； which are much used for interment by the wealthy； but
in this case there were two square boxes； the outer one being of
finely planed wood of the Retinospora obtusa。 The poor use what is
called the 〃quick…tub；〃 a covered tub of pine hooped with bamboo。
Women are dressed for burial in the silk robe worn on the marriage
day； tabi are placed beside them or on their feet； and their hair
usually flows loosely behind them。 The wealthiest people fill the
coffin with vermilion and the poorest use chaff； but in this case I
heard that only the mouth； nose； and ears were filled with
vermilion； and that the coffin was filled up with coarse incense。
The body is placed within the tub or box in the usual squatting
position。 It is impossible to understand how a human body； many
hours after death； can be pressed into the limited space afforded
by even the outermost of the boxes。 It has been said that the
rigidity of a corpse is overcome by the use of a powder called
dosia； which is sold by the priests； but this idea has been
exploded； and the process remains incomprehensible。
Bannerets of small size and ornamental staves were outside the
house door。 Two men in blue dresses； with pale blue over…garments
resembling wings received each person； two more presented a
lacquered bowl of water and a white silk crepe towel； and then we
passed into a large room； round which were arranged a number of
very handsome folding screens； on which lotuses； storks； and
peonies were realistically painted on a dead gold ground。 Near the
end of the room the coffin； under a canopy of white silk； upon
which there was a very beautiful arrangement of artificial white
lotuses； rested upon trestles； the face of the corpse being turned
towards the north。 Six priests； very magnificently dressed； sat on
each side of the coffin； and two more knelt in front of a small
temporary altar。
The widow； an extremely pretty woman； squatted near the deceased；
below the father and mother； and after her came the children；
relatives； and friends； who sat in rows； dressed in winged garments
of blue and white。 The widow was painted white； her lips were
reddened with vermilion； her hair was elaborately dressed and
ornamented with carved shell pins； she wore a beautiful dress of
sky…blue silk； with a haori of fine white crepe and a scarlet crepe
girdle embroidered in gold； and looked like a bride on her marriage
day rather than a widow。
Indeed； owing to the beauty of the dresses and the amount of blue
and white silk； the room had a festal rather than a funereal look。
When all the guests had arrived； tea and sweetmeats were passed
round； incense was burned profusely； litanies were mumbled； and the
bustle of moving to the grave began； during which I secured a place
near the gate of the temple grounds。
The procession did not contain the father or mother of the
deceased； but I understood that the mourners who composed it were
all relatives。 The oblong tablet with the 〃dead name〃 of the
deceased was carried first by a priest； then the lotus blossom by
another priest； then ten priests followed； two and two； chanting
litanies from books； then came the coffin on a platform borne by
four men and covered with white drapery； then the widow； and then
the other relatives。 The coffin was carried into the temple and
laid upon trestles； while incense was burned and prayers were said；
and was then carried to a shallow grave lined with cement； and
prayers were said by the priests until the earth was raised to the
proper level； when all dispersed； and the widow； in her gay attire；
walked home unattended。 There were no hired mourners or any signs
of grief； but nothing could be more solemn； reverent； and decorous
than the whole service。 ＇I have since seen many funerals； chiefly
of the poor； and； though shorn of much of the ceremony； and with
only one officiating priest； the decorum was always most
remarkable。＇ The fees to the priests are from 2 up to 40 or 50
yen。 The graveyard； which surrounds the temple； was extremely
beautiful； and the cryptomeria specially fine。 It was very full of
stone gravestones； and； like all Japanese cemeteries； exquisitely
kept。 As soon as the grave was filled in； a life…size pink lotus
plant was placed upon it； and a lacquer tray； on which were lacquer
bowls containing tea or sake； beans； and sweetmeats。
The temple at Rokugo was very beautiful； and； except that its
ornaments were superior in solidity and good taste； differed little
from a Romish church。 The low altar； on which were lilies and
lighted candles； was draped in blue and silver； and on the high
altar； draped in crimson and cloth of gold； there was nothing but a
closed shrine； an incense…burner； and a vase of lotuses。
LETTER XX（Concluded）
A Casual InvitationA Ludicrous IncidentPoliteness of a
PolicemanA Comfortless SundayAn Outrageous IrruptionA
Privileged Stare。
At a wayside tea…house； soon after leaving Rokugo in kurumas； I met
the same courteous and agreeable young doctor who was stationed at
Innai during the prevalence of kak'ke； and he invited me to visit
the hospital at Kubota； of which he is junior physician； and told
Ito of a restaurant at which 〃foreign food〃 can be obtaineda
pleasant prospect； of which he is always reminding me。
Travelling along a very narrow road； I as usual first； we met a man
leading a prisoner by a rope； followed by a policeman。 As soon as
my runner saw the latter he fell down on his face so suddenly in
the shafts as nearly to throw me out； at the same time trying to
wriggle into a garment which he had carried on the crossbar； while
the young men who were drawing the two kurumas behind； crouching
behind my vehicle； tried to scuttle into their clothes。 I never
saw such a picture of abjectness as my man presented。 He trembled
from head to foot； and illustrated that queer phrase often heard in
Scotch Presbyterian prayers； 〃Lay our hands on our mouths and our
mouths in the dust。〃 He literally grovelled in the dust； and with
every sentence that the policeman spoke raised his head a little