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hristians to India； without some plan for combining in the converts of the new religion； and more especially in its ministers； the highest moral refinement of the Christian character； and the highest attainable progress in the pursuits of the mind。
〃During the last ten years of entire independence the missionary cause has received from the product of our labour； in the erection of the college buildings； in the support of stations and schools； and in the printing of tracts； much more than ？3；000。 The unceasing calumny with which we have been assailed； for what has been called 'our declaration of independence' （which； by the bye； Mr。 Fuller approved of our issuing almost with his dying breath）； it is beneath us to notice； but it has fully convinced us of the propriety of the step。 This calumny is so unreasonable that we confidently appeal from the decision of the present age to the judgment of posterity。〃
Under Carey； as Professor of Divinity and Lecturer on Botany and Zoology； Mack and John Marshman； with pundits and moulavies； the college grew in public favour； even during Dr。 Marshman's absence； while Mrs。 Marshman continued to conduct the girls' school and superintend native female education with a vigorous enthusiasm which advancing years did not abate and misrepresentation in England only fed。 The difficulties in which Carey found himself had the happy result of forcing him into the position of being the first to establish practically the principle of the Grant in Aid system。 Had his Nonconformist successors followed him in this； with the same breadth of view and clear distinction between the duty of aiding the secular education； while giving absolute liberty to the spiritual； the splendid legacy which he left to India would have been both perpetuated and extended。 As it is； it was left to his young colleague； John Marshman； and to Dr。 Duff； to induce Parliament； by the charter of 1853； and the first Lord Halifax in the Educational Despatch of 1854； to sanction the system of national education for the multifarious classes and races of our Indian subjects； under which secular instruction is aided by the state on impartial terms according to its efficiency； and Christianity delights to take its place； unfettered and certain of victory； with the Brahmanical and aboriginal cults of every kind。
In 1826 Carey； finding that his favourite Benevolent Institution in Calcutta was getting into debt； and required repair； applied to Government for aid。 He had previously joined the Marchioness of Hastings in founding the Calcutta School Book and School Society； and had thus been relieved of some of the schools。 Government at once paid the debt； repaired the building； and continued to give an annual grant of ？40 for many years。 John Marshman did not think it necessary； 〃to defend Dr。 Carey from the charge of treason to the principles of dissent in having thus solicited and accepted aid from the state for an educational establishment； the repudiation of that aid is a modern addition to those principles。〃 He tells us that 〃when conversation happened to turn upon this subject at Serampore； his father was wont to excuse any warmth which his colleague might exhibit by the humorous remark that renegades always fought hardest。 There was one question on which the three were equally strenuousthat it was as much the duty of Government to support education as to abstain from patronising missions。〃
A letter written in 1818 to his son William； then one of the missionaries； shows with what jealous economy the founder of the great modern enterprise managed the early undertakings。
〃MY DEAR WILLIAMYours of the 3rd instant I have received； and must say that it has filled me with distress。 I do not know what the allowance of 200 rupees includes； nor how much is allotted for particular things； but it appears that Rs。 142：2 is expended upon your private expenses； viz。； 78：2 on table expenses； and 64 on servants。 Now neither Lawson nor Eustace have more than 140 rupees for their allowance； separate from house rent； for which 80 rupees each is allowed； and I believe all the brethren are on that； or a lower allowance； Brother Yates excepted； who chooses for himself。 I cannot therefore make an application for more with any face。 Indeed we have no power to add or diminish salaries； though the Society would agree to our doing so if we showed good reasons for it。 I believe the allowances of the missionaries from the London Society are about the same； or rather lessviz。 ？00 sterling； or 132 rupees a month； besides extra expenses； so that your income； taking it at 140 rupees a month； is quite equal to that of any other missionary。 I may also mention that neither Eustace nor Lawson can do without a buggy； which is not a small expense。
〃I suppose the two articles you have mentioned of table expenses and servants include a number of other things； otherwise I cannot imagine how you can go to that expense。 When I was at Mudnabati my income was 200 per month； and during the time I stayed there I had saved near 2000 rupees。 My table expenses scarcely ever amounted to 50 rupees； and though I kept a moonshi at 20 rupees and four gardeners； yet my servants' wages did not exceed 60 rupees monthly。 I kept a horse and a farmyard； and yet my expenses bore no proportion to yours。 I merely mention this without any reflection on you； or even a wish to do it； but I sincerely think your expenses upon these two articles are very greater。I am your affectionate father； W。 CAREY。〃
In 1825 Carey completed his great Dictionary of Bengali and English in three quarto volumes； abridged two years afterwards。 No language； not even in Europe； could show a work of such industry； erudition； and philological completeness at that time。 Professor H。 H。 Wilson declared that it must ever be regarded as a standard authority； especially because of its etymological references to the Sanskrit； which supplies more than three…fourths of the words； its full and correct vocabulary of local terms； with which the author's 〃long domestication amongst the natives〃 made him familiar； and his unique knowledge of all natural history terms。 The first copy which issued from the press he sent to Dr。 Ryland； who had passed away at seventy…two； a month before the following letter was written：
〃June 7th； 1825。On the 17th of August next I shall be sixty…four years of age； and though I feel the enervating influence of the climate； and have lost something of my bodily activity； I labour as closely； and perhaps more so than I have ever done before。 My Bengali Dictionary is finished at press。 I intend to send you a copy of it by first opportunity； which I request you to accept as a token of my unshaken friendship to you。 I am now obliged； in my own defence； to abridge it； and to do it as quickly as possible； to prevent another person from forestalling me and running away with the profits。
〃On Lord's day I preached a funeral sermon at Calcutta for one of our deacons； who died very happily； administered the Lords' Supper； and preached again in the evening。 It was a dreadfully hot day； and I was much exhausted。 Yesterday the rain set in； and the air is somewhat cooled。 It is still unc