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kinds throughout the industrialized world。 Nobody could ever imagine
the immense wealth which was to be produced by the efficient industry
of the 20th century。 （SR）。
＇130＇ R？derer； 〃？uvres Complètes。〃 VIII 477。 〃The club orators
displayed France to the proletariat as a sure prey if they would seize
hold of it。〃
＇131＇ This manifesto； was drafted for the Duke of Brunswick…
Lunebourg； the general commanding the combined Prussian and Austrian
forces； by the French émigré Marquis de Limon。 It threatened the
French and especially the Paris population with unspecified 〃rigors of
war〃 should it have the temerity to resist or to harm the King and his
family。 It was signed in Koblenz； Germany on 25 August 1792 and
published in royalist newspapers 3 days later in Paris。（SR）。
＇132＇ Moore's Journal；〃 I。 303…309。
＇133＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 474； 426。 Section of Gravilliers； letter
of Charles Chemin； commissary； to Santerre； and deposition of
Ilingray； cavalryman of the national gendarmerie； Aug。 11。
＇134＇ Beaumarchais； 〃？uvres complètes；〃 letter of Aug。 12； 1792。
This very interesting letter shows how mobs are composed at this
epoch。 A small gang of regular brigands and thieves plot together some
enterprise； to which is added a frightened； infatuated crowd； which
may become ferocious； but which remains honest。
＇135＇ The words of Hobbes applied by R？derer to the democracy of 1792：
〃In democratia tot possent esse Nerones quot sunt oratores qui populo
adulantur； simul et plures sunt in democratia； et quotidie novi
suboriuntur。〃
＇136＇ Lucas de Montigny； 〃Mémoires de Mirabeau；〃 II。 231 and
following pages。 The preface affixed by Manuel to his edition （of
Mirabeau's letters） is a masterpiece of nonsense and impertinence。
Peltier； 〃Histoire du 10 Aout；〃 II。 205。 Manuel 〃came out of a
little shop at Montargis and hawked about obscene tracts in the upper
stories of Paris。 He got hold of Mirabeau's letters in the drawers of
the public department and sold them for 2；000 crowns。〃 （testimony of
Boquillon； juge…de~paix）。
＇137＇ Lafayette； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 467； 471。 〃The queen had 50；000
crowns put into Danton's hands a short time before these terrible
days。〃 〃 The court had Danton under pay for two years； employing
him as a spy on the Jacobins。〃 〃 Correspondance de Mirabeau et du
Comte de la Marck；〃 III。 82。 Letter from Mirabeau； March 10； 1791：
〃Danton received yesterday 30；000 livres〃。 Other testimony；
Bertrand de Molleville； I。 354； II。 288。 Brissot； IV。 193 。
Miot de Melito； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 40； 42。 Miot was present at the
conversations which took place between Danton； Legendre； etc。； at the
table of Desforges； Minister of Foreign Affairs。 〃Danton made no
concealment of his love of pleasure and money； and laughed at all
conscientious and delicate scruples。〃 〃 Legendre could not say
enough in praise of Danton in speaking of his talents as a public man；
but he loudly censured his habits and cxpensive tastes； and never
joined him in any of his odious speculations。〃 The opposite thesis
has been maintained by Robinet and Bougeart in their articles on
Danton。 The discussion would require too much space。 The important
points are as follows：
Danton； a barrister in the royal council in March； 1787； loses about
10；000 francs on the refund of his charge。 In his marriage…contract
dated June； 1787； he admits 12；000 francs patrimony in lands and
houses； while his wife brings him only 20；000 francs dowry。 From 1787
to 1791 he could not earn much； being in constant attendance at the
Cordeliers club and devoted to politics； Lacretelle saw him in the
riots of 1788。 He left at his death about 85；000 francs in national
property bought in 1791。 Besides； he probably held property and
valuables under third parties； who kept them after his death。 （De
Martel； 〃Types Révolutionnaires；〃 2d part； p。139。 Investigations of
Blache at Choisy…sur…Seine； where a certain Fauvel seems to have been
Danton's assumed name。） See on this question； 〃Avocats aux conseils
du Roi；〃 by Emil Bos； pp。513…520。 According to accounts proved by M。
Bos； it follows that Danton； at the end of 1791； was in debt to the
amount of 53；000 francs； this is the hole stopped by the court。 On the
other side； Danton before the Revolution signs himself Danton even in
authentic writing； which is an usurpation of nobility and at that time
subject to the penalty of the galleys。 The double…faced infidelity
in question must have been frequent； for their leaders were anything
else but sensitive。 On the 7th of August Madame Elizabeth tells M。 de
Montmorin that the insurrection would not take place； that Pétion and
Santerre were concerned in it； and that they had received 750；000
francs to prevent it and bring over the Marseilles troop to the king's
side （Malouet； II。 223）。 There is no doubt that Santerre； in using
the king's money against the king； thought he was acting
patriotically。 Money is at the bottom of every riot； to pay for drink
and to stimulate subordinate agents。
＇138＇ Buchez et Roux； XXVIII。 92。 Letter of Gadolle to Roland；
October； 1792； according to a narrative by one of the teachers in the
college d'Harcourt； in which Varlet was placed。
＇139＇ Buchez et Roux； XIII。 254。
＇140＇ 〃C。 Desmoulins；〃 by Claretie； 238 （in 1786 and in 1775）。 〃The
inquest still exists； unfortunately it is convincing。〃 Westermann
was accused of these acts in December； 1792； by the section of the
Lombards； 〃proofs in hand。〃 Gouverneur Morris； so well informed；
writes to Washington； Jan。 10； 1793： The retreat of the King of
Prussia 〃was worth to Westermann about 10；000 pounds。 。 。 The council
。 。 。 exerted against him a prosecution for old affairs of no higher
rank than petty larceny。〃
＇141＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 4434 （papers of the committee of
general safety）。 Note on Panis； with full details and references to
the occurrence。
＇142＇ 〃Révolutions de Paris；〃 No。177 （session of the council…general
at the Hotel…de…ville； Nov。 8； 1792； report of the committee of
surveillance）。 Sergent admits； except as to one of the watches； that
he intended to pay for the said object the price they would have
brought。 It was noticed； as he said this； that he had on his finger
the agate ring that was claimed。〃
＇143＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 638； III。 500 and following pages； IV。
132。 Cf。 II。 451。
＇144＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 456。
＇145＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 138； 140 （testimony of Mathon de la
Varenne； who was engaged in the case）。
＇146＇ 〃Dictionnaire biographique；〃 by Eymery （Leipsic； 1807）； article
HéBERT。
＇147＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； III。 484； 601。 Cf。 letter of the
representative Cavaignac； Ibid。； 399。
＇148＇ 〃Dictionnaire biographique；〃 article HENRIOT。…The lives of many
of these subordinate leaders are well done。 Cf。 〃Stanislas Maillard；〃
by AL Sorel； 〃Le Patriote Palloy；〃 by V Fournel。
＇149＇ Granier de Cassag