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city he was put in charge of the gladiators； whose wounds he said he
treated with wine。 In the year 162； he paid his first visit to Rome； the scene
of his greatest labors。 Here he gave public lectures on anatomy； and
became 〃the fashion。〃 He mentions many of his successes； one of them is
the well…worn story told also of Erasistratus and Stratonice； but Galen's
story is worth telling； and it is figured as a miniature in the manuscripts of
his works。 Called to see a lady he found her suffering from general
malaise without any fever or increased action of the pulse。 He saw at once
that her trouble was mental and； like a wise physician； engaged her in
general conversation。 Quite possibly he knew her story； for the name of a
certain actor； Pylades； was mentioned； and he noticed that her pulse at
once increased in rapidity and became irregular。 On the next day he
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arranged that the name of another actor； Morphus； should be mentioned；
and on the third day the experiment was repeated but without effect。 Then
on the fourth evening it was again mentioned that Pylades was dancing；
and the pulse quickened and became irregular； so he concluded that she
was in love with Pylades。 He tells how he was first called to treat the
Emperor Marcus Aurelius； who had a stomach…ache after eating too much
cheese。 He treated the case so successfully that the Emperor remarked； 〃I
have but one physician； and he is a gentleman。〃 He seems to have had
good fees； as he received 400 aurei （about 2000） for a fortnight's
attendance upon the wife of Boethus。
He left Rome for a time in 168 A。 D。 and returned to Pergamon； but
was recalled to Rome by the Emperor； whom he accompanied on an
expedition to Germany。 There are records in his writings of many journeys；
and busy with his practice in dissections and experiments he passed a long
and energetic life； dying； according to most authorities； in the year 200
A。D。
A sketch of the state of medicine in Rome is given by Celsus in the
first of his eight books； and he mentions the names of many of the leading
practitioners； particularly Asclepiades； the Bithynian； a man of great
ability； and a follower of the Alexandrians； who regarded all disease as due
to a disturbed movement of the atoms。 Diet； exercise； massage and bathing
were his great remedies； and his mottotuto； cito et jucundehas been the
emulation of all physicians。 How important a role he and his successors
played until the time of Galen may be gathered from the learned lectures
of Sir Clifford Allbutt＇32＇ on 〃Greek Medicine in Rome〃 and from Meyer…
Steineg's 〃Theodorus Priscianus und die romische Medizin。〃＇33＇ From
certain lay writers we learn that it was the custom for popular physicians
to be followed on their rounds by crowds of students。 Martial's epigram （V；
ix） is often referred to：
Languebam： sed tu comitatus protinus ad me Venisti centum；
Symmache； discipulis。 Centum me tegigere manus Aquilone gelatae Non
habui febrem； Symmache； nunc habeo。
＇32＇ Allbutt： British Medical Journal； London； 1909； ii； 1449； 1515；
1598。
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＇33＇ Fischer； Jena； 1909。
And in the 〃Apollonius of Tyana〃 by Philostratus； when Apollonius
wishes to prove an alibi； he calls to witness the physicians of his sick
friend； Seleucus and Straloctes； who were accompanied by their clinical
class to the number of about thirty students。＇34＇ But for a first…hand sketch
of the condition of the profession we must go to Pliny； whose account in
the twenty…ninth book of the 〃Natural History〃 is one of the most
interesting and amusing chapters in that delightful work。 He quotes Cato's
tirade against Greek physicians；corrupters of the race； whom he would
have banished from the city；then he sketches the career of some of the
more famous of the physicians under the Empire； some of whom must
have had incomes never approached at any other period in the history of
medicine。 The chapter gives a good picture of the stage on which Galen
（practically a contemporary of Pliny） was to play so important a role。
Pliny seems himself to have been rather disgusted with the devious paths
of the doctors of his day； and there is no one who has touched with
stronger language upon the weak points of the art of physic。 In one place
he says that it alone has this peculiar art and privilege； 〃That whosoever
professeth himself a physician； is straightwaies beleeved； say what he will：
and yet to speake a truth； there are no lies dearer sold or more daungerous
than those which proceed out of a Physician's mouth。 Howbeit； we never
once regard or look to that； so blind we are in our deepe persuasion of
them； and feed our selves each one in a sweet hope and plausible conceit
of our health by them。 Moreover； this mischief there is besides； That there
is no law or statute to punish the ignorance of blind Physicians； though a
man lost his life by them： neither was there ever any man knowne； who
had revenge of recompence for the evill intreating or misusage under their
hands。 They learne their skill by endaungering our lives： and to make
proofe and experiments of their medicines； they care not to kill us。〃＇35＇
He says it is hard that； while the judges are carefully chosen and selected；
physicians are practically their own judges； and that of the men who may
give us a quick despatch and send us to Heaven or Hell； no enquiry or
examination is made of their quality and worthiness。 It is interesting to
read so early a bitter criticism of the famous 〃Theriaca；〃 a great compound
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medicine invented by Antiochus III； which had a vogue for fifteen hundred
years。
＇34＇ Bk。 VIII； Chap。 VII。
＇35＇ Pliny： Natural History （XXIX； 1）； Philemon Holland's version；
London； 1601； II； 347。
But we must return to Galen and his works； which comprise the most
voluminous body of writings left by any of the ancients。 The gre