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be you the witnesses。 Do you attest of everything that is liberal
and free in spirit； that is 〃so nominated in the bond；〃 and of
everything that is grudging； self…seeking； unjust； or unfair； that
it is by no sophistry ever to be found there。 I beg to move the
resolution which I have already had the pleasure of reading。
SPEECH： MANCHESTER； DECEMBER 3； 1858。
＇The following speech was delivered at the annual meeting of the
Institutional Association of Lancashire and Cheshire； held in the
Free…trade Hall on the evening of the above day； at which Mr。
Dickens presided。＇
IT has of late years become noticeable in England that the autumn
season produces an immense amount of public speaking。 I notice
that no sooner do the leaves begin to fall from the trees； than
pearls of great price begin to fall from the lips of the wise men
of the east； and north； and west； and south； and anybody may have
them by the bushel； for the picking up。 Now； whether the comet has
this year had a quickening influence on this crop； as it is by some
supposed to have had upon the corn…harvest and the vintage； I do
not know； but I do know that I have never observed the columns of
the newspapers to groan so heavily under a pressure of orations；
each vying with the other in the two qualities of having little or
nothing to do with the matter in hand； and of being always
addressed to any audience in the wide world rather than the
audience to which it was delivered。
The autumn having gone； and the winter come； I am so sanguine as to
hope that we in our proceedings may break through this enchanted
circle and deviate from this precedent； the rather as we have
something real to do； and are come together； I am sure； in all
plain fellowship and straightforwardness； to do it。 We have no
little straws of our own to throw up to show us which way any wind
blows； and we have no oblique biddings of our own to make for
anything outside this hall。
At the top of the public announcement of this meeting are the
words； 〃Institutional Association of Lancashire and Cheshire。〃
Will you allow me； in reference to the meaning of those words； to
present myself before you as the embodied spirit of ignorance
recently enlightened； and to put myself through a short； voluntary
examination as to the results of my studies。 To begin with： the
title did not suggest to me anything in the least like the truth。
I have been for some years pretty familiar with the terms；
〃Mechanics' Institutions；〃 and 〃Literary Societies；〃 but they have；
unfortunately； become too often associated in my mind with a body
of great pretensions； lame as to some important member or other；
which generally inhabits a new house much too large for it； which
is seldom paid for； and which takes the name of the mechanics most
grievously in vain； for I have usually seen a mechanic and a dodo
in that place together。
I； therefore； began my education； in respect of the meaning of this
title； very coldly indeed； saying to myself； 〃Here's the old
story。〃 But the perusal of a very few lines of my book soon gave
me to understand that it was not by any means the old story； in
short； that this association is expressly designed to correct the
old story； and to prevent its defects from becoming perpetuated。 I
learnt that this Institutional Association is the union； in one
central head； of one hundred and fourteen local Mechanics'
Institutions and Mutual Improvement Societies； at an expense of no
more than five shillings to each society； suggesting to all how
they can best communicate with and profit by the fountain…head and
one another； keeping their best aims steadily before them； advising
them how those aims can be best attained； giving a direct end and
object to what might otherwise easily become waste forces； and
sending among them not only oral teachers； but； better still； boxes
of excellent books； called 〃Free Itinerating Libraries。〃 I learned
that these books are constantly making the circuit of hundreds upon
hundreds of miles； and are constantly being read with inexpressible
relish by thousands upon thousands of toiling people； but that they
are never damaged or defaced by one rude hand。 These and other
like facts lead me to consider the immense importance of the fact；
that no little cluster of working men's cottages can arise in any
Lancashire or Cheshire valley； at the foot of any running stream
which enterprise hunts out for water…power； but it has its
educational friend and companion ready for it； willing for it；
acquainted with its thoughts and ways and turns of speech even
before it has come into existence。
Now； ladies and gentlemen； this is the main consideration that has
brought me here。 No central association at a distance could
possibly do for those working men what this local association does。
No central association at a distance could possibly understand them
as this local association does。 No central association at a
distance could possibly put them in that familiar and easy
communication one with another； as that I； man or boy； eager for
knowledge； in that valley seven miles off； should know of you； man
or boy； eager for knowledge； in that valley twelve miles off； and
should occasionally trudge to meet you； that you may impart your
learning in one branch of acquisition to me； whilst I impart mine
in another to you。 Yet this is distinctly a feature； and a most
important feature； of this society。
On the other hand； it is not to be supposed that these honest men；
however zealous； could； as a rule； succeed in establishing and
maintaining their own institutions of themselves。 It is obvious
that combination must materially diminish their cost； which is in
time a vital consideration； and it is equally obvious that
experience； essential to the success of all combination； is
especially so when its object is to diffuse the results of
experience and of reflection。
Well； ladies and gentlemen； the student of the present profitable
history of this society does not stop here in his learning； when he
has got so far； he finds with interest and pleasure that the parent
society at certain stated periods invites the more eager and
enterprising members of the local society to submit themselves to
voluntary examination in various branches of useful knowledge； of
which examination it takes the charge and arranges the details； and
invites the successful candidates to come to Manchester to receive
the prizes and certificates of merit which it impartially awards。
The most successful of the competitors in the list of these
examinations are now among us； and these little marks of
recognition and encouragement I shall have the honour presently of
giving them； as they come before you； one by one； for that purpose。
I have looked over a few of those examination papers； which have
comprised history； geography； grammar； arithmetic； book…keeping；
decimal coinage； men