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Europe； there would have been a different story to tell。 By his insistent enterprise he made Stockholm the best telephoned city outside of the United States。 He pushed his country forward until； having one hundred and sixty…five thousand telephones； it stood fourth among the European nations。 Since his death the Government has entered the field with a duplicate system； and a war has been begun which grows yearly more costly and absurd。
Asia； as yet； with her eight hundred and fifty million people； has fewer telephones than Philadelphia； and three…fourths of them are in the tiny island of Japan。 The Japanese were enthusiastic telephonists from the first。 They had a busy exchange in Tokio in 1883。 This has now grown to have twenty…five thousand users； and might have more； if it had not been stunted by the peculiar policy of the Government。 The public officials who operate the system are able men。 They charge a fair price and make ten per cent profit for the State。 But they do not keep pace with the demand。 It is one of the oddest vagaries of public ownership that there is now in Tokio a WAITING LIST of eight thousand citizens； who are offering to pay for telephones and cannot get them。 And when a Tokian dies； his franchise to a telephone； if he has one； is usually itemized in his will as a four…hundred… dollar property。
India； which is second on the Asiatic list； has no more than nine thousand telephonesone to every thirty…three thousand of her population！ Not quite so many； in fact； as there are in five of the skyscrapers of New York。 The Dutch East Indies and China have only seven thousand apiece； but in China there has recently come a forward movement。 A fund of twenty million dollars is to be spent in constructing a national system of telephone and telegraph。 Peking is now pointing with wonder and delight to a new exchange； spick and span； with a couple of ten…thousand…wire switchboards。 Others are being built in Canton； Hankow； and Tien…Tsin。 Ultimately； the telephone will flourish in China； as it has done in the Chinese quarter in San Francisco。 The Empress of China； after the siege of Peking； commanded that a telephone should be hung in her palace； within reach of her dragon throne； and she was very friendly with any representative of the 〃Speaking Lightning Sounds〃 business； as the Chinese term telephony。
In Persia the telephone made its entry recently in true comic…opera fashion。 A new Shah； in an outburst of confidence； set up a wire between his palace and the market…place in Teheran； and invited his people to talk to him whenever they had grievances。 And they talked！ They talked so freely and used such language； that the Shah ordered out his soldiers and attacked them。 He fired upon the new Parliament； and was at once chased out of Persia by the enraged people。 From this it would appear that the telephone ought to be popular in Persia； although at present there are not more than twenty in use。
South America； outside of Buenos Ayres； has few telephones； probably not more than thirty thousand。 Dom Pedro of Brazil； who befriended Bell at the Centennial； introduced telephony into his country in 1881； but it has not in thirty years been able to obtain ten thousand users。 Canada has exactly the same number as Swedenone hundred and sixty…five thousand。 Mexico has perhaps ten thousand； New Zealand twenty…six thousand； and Australia fifty… five thousand。
Far down in the list of continents stands Africa。 Egypt and Algeria have twelve thousand at the north； British South Africa has as many at the south； and in the vast stretches between there are barely a thousand more。 Whoever pushes into Central Africa will still hear the beat of the wooden drum； which is the clattering sign…language of the natives。 One strand of copper wire there is； through the Congo region； placed there by order of the late King of Belgium。 To string it was probably the most adventurous piece of work in the history of telephone linemen。 There was one seven hundred and fifty mile stretch of the central jungle。 There were white ants that ate the wooden poles； and wild elephants that pulled up the iron poles。 There were monkeys that played tag on the lines； and savages that stole the wire for arrow… heads。 But the line was carried through； and to…day is alive with conversations concerning rubber and ivory。
So； we may almost say of the telephone that 〃there is no speech nor language where its voice is not heard。〃 There are even a thousand miles of its wire in Abyssinia and one hundred and fifty miles in the Fiji Islands。 Roughly speaking； there are now ten million telephones in all countries； employing two hundred and fifty thousand people； requiring twenty…one million miles of wire； representing a cost of fifteen hundred million dollars； and carrying fourteen thousand million conversations a year。 All this； and yet the men who heard the first feeble cry of the in… fant telephone are still alive； and not by any means old。
No foreign country has reached the high American level of telephony。 The United States has eight telephones per hundred of population； while no other country has one…half as many。 Canada stands second； with almost four per hundred； and Sweden is third。 Germany has as many telephones as the State of New York； and Great Britain as many as Ohio。 Chicago has more than London； and Boston twice as many as Paris。 In the whole of Europe； with her twenty nations； there are one… third as many telephones as in the United States。 In proportion to her population； Europe has only one…thirteenth as many。
The United States writes half as many letters as Europe； sends one…third as many telegrams； and talks twice as much at the telephone。 The average European family sends three telegrams a year； and three letters and one telephone message a week； while the average American family sends five telegrams a year； and seven letters and eleven telephone messages a week。 This one na… tion； which owns six per cent of the earth and is five per cent of the human race； has SEVENTY per cent of the telephones。 And fifty per cent； or one…half； of the telephony of the world； is now comprised in the Bell System of this country。
There are only six nations in Europe that make a fair showingthe Germans； British； Swedish； Danes； Norwegians； and Swiss。 The others have less than one telephone per hundred。 Little Denmark has more than Austria。 Little Finland has better service than France。 The Belgian telephones have cost the mosttwo hundred and seventy…three dollars apiece； and the Finnish telephones the leasteighty…one dollars。 But a telephone in Belgium earns three times as much as one in Norway。 In general； the lesson in Europe is this； that the telephone is what a nation makes it。 Its usefulness depends upon the sense and enterprise with which it is handled。 It may be either an invaluable asset or a nuisance。
Too much government！ That has been the basic reason for failure in most countries。 Before the telephone was invented； the telegraph had been made a State monopoly； and the tele… phone was regarded as a species of telegraph。 The public officials did not see that a telephone system is a highly complex and technical problem； much more like a piano fact