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e least affectation； while he baffled and confounded all his authorities； confuted all his arguments； and reduced him to silence。〃 Nor was a suitable return wanting on the part of Mr。 Gridley； who 〃seemed to me to exult inwardly at the glory and triumph of his pupil。〃
Though he made no pretensions to scholarship； some of his writings showed a cultivated taste and a love of literary pursuits； which were gratified so far as his numerous engagements in public service would permit。 With a literary taste formed and matured by the study of Latin and Greek prosidy as constituted in the best models of antiquity； it is not surprising that his opinions on matters of criticism and scholarship were those of the Odd school； and that he decried all the forms of innovation in letters which had begun to show themselves in his day； and which he regarded as affectations。 His constant advice to young people was if you want to read poetry； read Shakespeare； Milton； Dryden； and Pope； throw all the rest in the fire。 And with the addition of but one or two names which have appeared since his time； such counsel is judicious advice even to…day。
His abilities were； perhaps； somewhat overrated in the admiring judgment of his contemporaries。 His style as a writer was copious and energetic； but it was sometimes careless； coarse and even incorrect。 His eloquence was better adapted to popular assemblies than to the graver occasions of legislative debate； in the halls of justice； it produced a greater effect on the jury than on the judge。 〃The few fragments of his speeches that were reported and are now extant give no idea of the enthusiasm that was created by their delivery。 The elevation of his mind； and the known integrity of his purposes； enabled him to speak with decision and dignity； and commanded the respect as well as the admiration of his audience。〃 While his arguments were sometimes comprehensive and varied； they generally related only to a few points which they placed in a very clear and convincing light。 His object was immediate effect。 He had studied the art of clear expression and forcible argument in order to act with facility and force upon the minds of others to such an extent as to convince them； and then to convert their conviction into action。 He employed the facility and the power thus gained not for any personal agrandizement； but to advocate political reform for the good of the whole people。
In the latter part of his speech on the Writs of Assistance； he discussed the incompatibility of the acts of trade as lately adopted by the English Ministry with the charter of the colony。 In so doing 〃he reproached the nation； Parliament； and King；〃 says John Adams； 〃with injustice； illiberality； ingratitude； and oppression； in their conduct towards the people of this country； in a style of oratory that I never heard equalled in this or any other country。〃 As to the effect of this oration in increasing the courage of the colonists； inciting them to scrutinize more closely and resist more strenuously； the claims of the British Ministry and Parliament； we have Adams's significant statement； 〃I do say in the most solemn manner that Mr。 Otis's oration against Writs of Assistance breathed into this nation the breath of life。〃
The longest and most elaborate production from his pen is the pamphlet on the 〃Rights of the Colonies。〃 It affords a fair specimen of his impetuous and inaccurate rhetoric； his rapid and eager manner of accumulating facts； arguments； and daring assertions； and the 〃glowing earnestness and depth of patriotic feeling with which all his compositions are animated。〃 It is not surprising that a book written in this style caused the author to be suspected of wildness and even of madness。 But there was； as Bowen remarks； a method and a good deal of logical power in his madness。
The pamphlet was reprinted； circulated； and read in Great Britain and even attracted the attention of the House of Lords。 In February； 1766； during a debate in that body on the disturbances in America； Lord Littleton made some allusion to the peculiar opinions of Mr。 Otis； and spoke slightingly of his book。 Lord Mansfield replied； 〃With respect to what has been said； or written； upon this subject； I differ from the noble Lord； who spoke of Mr。 Otis and his book with contempt； though he maintained the same doctrine in some points； although； in others； he carried it further than Otis himself； who allows everywhere the supremacy of the crown over the colonies。 No man on such a subject is contemptible。 Otis is a man of consequence among the people there。 They have chosen him for one of their deputies at the Congress； and general meeting from the respective governments。 It was said the man is mad。 What then？ One madman often makes many。 Massaniello was mad； no body doubts； yet for all that； he overturned the government of Naples。 Madness is catching in all popular assemblies； and upon all popular matters。
The book is full of wildness。 I never read it till a few days ago； for I seldom look into such things。〃
In some of his arguments he lays down general principles with a quaint extravagance which marks the peculiar humor of the man。 〃No government has the right to make hobby…horses； asses； and slaves of the subject； nature having made sufficient of the two former； for all the lawful purposes of man； from the harmless peasant in the field to the most refined politician in the cabinet； but none of the last； which infallibly proves that they are unnecessary。〃 〃The British constitution of government as now established in his Majesty's person and family； is the wisest and best in the world。 The King of Great Britain is the best as well as the most glorious monarch upon the globe； and his subjects the happiest in the universe。 The French King is a despotic； arbitrary prince； and； consequently； his subjects are very miserable。〃 The last specimen which we shall quote comes from his defence of the objectionable passage in the remonstrance drawn up by Otis on behalf of the Assembly of 1762 against Governor Bernard's conduct in increasing the expenses of the colony without previously obtaining the consent of the Legislature。 This passage was as follows： 〃No necessity can be sufficient to justify a House of Representatives in giving up such a privilege； for it would be of little consequence to the people； whether they were subject to George or Louis； the King of Great Britain or the French King； if both were arbitrary； as both would be； if both could levy taxes without Parliament。〃 Afterwards in commenting on this passage he made the following defense of its apparent unpatriotic sentiment。 〃It may be objected； that there are some differences between arbitrary princes； in this respect； at least； that some are more rigorous than others。 It is granted； but； then； let it be remembered； that the life of man is a vapor that soon vanisheth away； and we know not who may come after him； a wise man or a fool； though the chances； before and since Solomon； have ever been in favor of the latter。〃〃That I should die very soon after my head should be struck off； whether by a sabre or a broadsword； whether chopped off to gratify a tyrant by the