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ians were immovable。 Many of the Moorish horsemen galloped close to the Christian ranks； brandishing their lances and scimetars and defying various cavaliers to single combat； but Ferdinand had rigorously prohibited all duels of the kind； and they dared not transgress his orders under his very eye。
Here； however； the worthy Fray Antonio Agapida； in his enthusiasm for the triumphs of the faith； records the following incident； which we fear is not sustained by any grave chronicler of the times； but rests merely on tradition or the authority of certain poets and dramatic writers who have perpetuated the tradition in their works： While this grim and reluctant tranquillity prevailed along the Christian line； says Agapida； there rose a mingled shout and sound of laughter near the gate of the city。 A Moorish horseman； armed at all points； issued forth； followed by a rabble who drew back as he approached the scene of danger。 The Moor was more robust and brawny than was common with his countrymen。 His visor was closed； he bore a huge buckler and a ponderous lance； his scimetar was of a Damascus blade； and his richly ornamented dagger was wrought by an artificer of Fez。 He was known by his device to be Tarfe； the most insolent yet valiant of the Moslem warriorsthe same who had hurled into the royal camp his lance inscribed to the queen。 As he rode slowly along in front of the army his very steed； prancing with fiery eye and distended nostril； seemed to breathe defiance to the Christians。
But what were the feelings of the Spanish cavaliers when they beheld； tied to the tail of his steed and dragged in the dust； the very inscription〃 AVE MARIA〃which Hernan Perez del Pulgar had affixed to the door of the mosque！ A burst of horror and indignation broke forth from the army。 Hernan was not at hand to maintain his previous achievement； but one of his young companions…in…arms； Garcilasso de la Vega by name； putting spurs to his horse； galloped to the hamlet of Zubia； threw himself on his knees before the king； and besought permission to accept the defiance of this insolent infidel and to revenge the insult offered to our Blessed Lady。 The request was too pious to be refused。 Garcilasso remounted his steed； closed his helmet； graced by four sable plumes； grasped his buckler of Flemish workmanship and his lance of matchless temper； and defied the haughty Moor in the midst of his career。 A combat took place in view of the two armies and of the Castilian court。 The Moor was powerful in wielding his weapons and dextrous in managing his steed。 He was of larger frame than Garcilasso； and more completely armed； and the Christians trembled for their champion。 The shock of their encounter was dreadful； their lances were shivered； and sent up splinters in the air。 Garcilasso was thrown back in his saddle： his horse made a wide career before he could recover； gather up the reins； and return to the conflict。 They now encountered each other with swords。 The Moor circled round his opponent as a hawk circles where about to make a swoop； his steed obeyed his rider with matchless quickness； at every attack of the infidel it seemed as if the Christian knight must sink beneath his flashing scimetar。 But if Garcilasso was inferior to him in power； he was superior in agility： many of his blows he parried； others he received upon his Flemish shield； which was proof against the Damascus blade。 The blood streamed from numerous wounds received by either warrior。 The Moor； seeing his antagonist exhausted； availed himself of his superior force； and； grappling； endeavored to wrest him from his saddle。 They both fell to earth： the Moor placed his knee upon the breast of his victim； and； brandishing his dagger； aimed a blow at his throat。 A cry of despair was uttered by the Christian warriors； when suddenly they beheld the Moor rolling lifeless in the dust。 Garcilasso had shortened his sword； and as his adversary raised his arm to strike had pierced him to the heart。 〃It was a singular and miraculous victory；〃 says Fray Antonio Agapida； 〃but the Christian knight was armed by the sacred nature of his cause； and the Holy Virgin gave him strength； like another David； to slay this gigantic champion of the Gentiles。〃
The laws of chivalry were observed throughout the combatno one interfered on either side。 Garcilasso now despoiled his adversary； then； rescuing the holy inscription of 〃AVE MARIA〃 from its degrading situation； he elevated it on the point of his sword； and bore it on as a signal of triumph amid the rapturous shouts of the Christian army。*
*The above incident has been commemorated in old Spanish ballads； and made the subject of a scene in an old Spanish drama ascribed by some to Lope de Vega。
The sun had now reached the meridian； and the hot blood of the Moors was inflamed by its rays and by the sight of the defeat of their champion。 Muza ordered two pieces of ordnance to open a fire upon the Christians。 A confusion was produced in one part of their ranks： Muza called to the chiefs of the army； 〃Let us waste no more time in empty challengeslet us charge upon the enemy： he who assaults has always an advantage in the combat。〃 So saying； he rushed forward； followed by a large body of horse and foot； and charged so furiously upon the advance guard of the Christians that he drove it in upon the battalion of the marques of Cadiz。
The gallant marques now considered himself absolved from all further obedience to the queen's commands。 He gave the signal to attack； 〃Santiago！〃 was shouted along the line； and he pressed forward to the encounter with his battalion of twelve hundred lances。 The other cavaliers followed his example； and the battle instantly became general。
When the king and queen beheld the armies thus rushing to the combat； they threw themselves on their knees and implored the Holy Virgin to protect her faithful warriors。 The prince and princess； the ladies of the court； and the prelates and friars who were present did the same； and the effect of the prayers of these illustrious and saintly persons was immediately apparent。 The fierceness with which the Moors had rushed to the attack was suddenly cooled； they were bold and adroit for a skirmish； but unequal to the veteran Spaniards in the open field。 A panic seized upon the foot…soldiers； they turned and took to flight。 Muza and his cavaliers in vain endeavored to rally them。 Some took refuge in the mountains； but the greater part fled to the city in such confusion that they overturned and trampled upon each other。 The Christians pursued them to the very gates。 Upward of two thousand were either killed； wounded； or taken prisoners； and the two pieces of ordnance were brought off as trophies of the victory。 Not a Christian lance but was bathed that day in the blood of an infidel。*
*Cura de los Palacios； cap。 101； Zurita； lib。 20； c。 88。
Such was the brief but bloody action which was known among the Christian warriors by the name of 〃the Queen's Skirmish；〃 for when the marques of Cadiz waited upon Her Majesty to apologize for breaking her commands； he attributed the victory entirely to her presence。 The queen； however； insisted that it was all owing to