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raphernalia。
Hopi Door。 The door itself leading into this Altar Room is an interesting antique。 It is a real Hopi door； brought from Oraibi； and supposed to be not less than one hundred and fifty years old。 Its quaint method of swinging； the way it is put together and fastened with nothing but rawhide thongs； reveals； as few things could； the interesting inventions of necessity。 Prior to their knowledge and use of doors； which they undoubtedly gained from the Mexicans； their doorways were closed by slabs of rock； as described in the chapter on 〃The First Discoverers and Inhabitants of the Grand Canyon。〃 Those who have read that chapter will find many things of especial interest in this fascinating house。
Value of Hopi House。 The Hopi House is in itself a liberal education in the customs； arts； history； mythology； religious ceremonials； and industries of not only one； but many tribes of Indians。 It is not only a good business investment； but a place of benefit to which one should go prepared intelligently to study。 Such an one will come away with a keen appreciation of the incomparable ethnological advantages this building affords him； and he will not grudge any purchase； however large； the attractiveness of the display has led him to indulge in。
Dances in the Hopi House。 Every evening throughout the year； when a sufficient number of visitors are present to justify it； the Indians of the Hopi House give a few brief dances and songs； which faintly suggest the style of some of their more elaborate ceremonials。
CHAPTER XVI。 Visiting Indians At El Tovar
It is seldom that the traveler will find less than three Indian tribes of distinct family represented at or near El Tovar。 In the Hopi House； as is shown； there are Hopis and Navahos； and in their camp near by；there will generally be found a band of Havasupais from Havasu （Cataract） Canyon； making baskets or dressing buckskin。
To most people an Indian is an Indian； yet there is such a wonderful difference between these three peoples； in features； language； habits； religion； social customs and life； that a short comparison cannot fail to be of interest and profit。
The Hopi Indian。 The Hopis belong to the people popularly spoken of as 〃pueblos；〃 but this name signifies nothing more than town Indians； as distinguished from the nomad or wandering tribes。 They belong to the great Shoshonean family； and are a short； stocky； gentle people； given to agriculture； sheep raising； basketry and pottery； and a little weaving and silver work。
The Navaho Race。 The Navahos； on the other hand； are of Athabascan stock； coming from the north； and are blood brothers of the Tinnehs of Alaska； and the fierce and warlike Apaches of Southern Arizona。 They are natural horsemen； raising great herds of their wiry； active； hardy ponies； as well as herds of sheep and goats。 These are the chief industries of their men； and the women are the most skilled blanket…weavers in the world。
The Havasupais。 The Havasupais are of still another stock。 They belong to the Yuman family； and are kin to the Wallapais； the Mohaves； Yumas and Cocopahs of the Colorado River。
Comparison of Three Races。 In appearance； the Hopi and Havasupai are more alike than either are like to the Navaho。 As a rule； the Hopi is well built and stalwart； with the unmistakable Indian face； but with less coarse and sensual lips； higher and more intellectual brow； more alert and kindly eye； and stronger chin than the Havasupai。 The lobes of the nostril are wide and flexible； showing the wonderful lung power of this great running people。
The Navaho shows； in the build of his flexible body； that he is a horseman； a rider。 His face is one of the strongest of Indian types； and is distinctive and easily recognizable； as a rule。 With high cheek bones； strong square jaws； flexible； thin lips； large； limpid eyes and expansive brows； the tribe shows a high order of intelligence； and while at rest； their faces are kindly and inviting。 There is a flash in the eye when aroused that denotes great pride； absolute fearlessness and hatred of control。 It is a race of warriors； a race that for two centuries harried the Spaniards as well as the gentle Hopi； whom they regarded as their legitimate prey。
Costumes of Hopi Men。 In dress； these three peoples are distinctive； though in these days of part civilization and close contact with the whites； the true Indian costume is being discarded for the conventional dress of the latter。 The Hopi men generally wear the true pueblo costume。 In olden days； it was the buckskin shirt and trousers； with a blanket over all。 Now； the trousers are generally of white calico； with a slit on the sides from the knee down。 A calico shirt is worn。 The stockings are of blue wool； without feet。 Moccasins； with a sole of thick rawhide and uppers of dressed buckskin； are worn。 The invariable silk handkerchief； or red bandana 〃bands〃 surrounds the hair； which is cut long； generally long enough barely to reach the shoulders。
Costumes of Hopi Women。 The women's native dress is most picturesque； and far more adhered to than that of the men。 The main dress is a welt…woven blanket of deep blue； sometimes with slight red decoration； which is fastened over the left shoulder and down the left side。 The right shoulder is left bare； unless； as invariably is the case with the Indians who associate much with the whites； a light calico shirt is worn under the dress。 It reaches to below the knees； and is encircled around the waist by a broad home…woven sash； which is wrapped two or three times around the body； and has the end carelessly tucked in。 The feet are covered with moccasins； to which are attached swathings of buckskin； which are wrapped around and around the legs； until they are as large as ordinary sized stovepipes。 The hair is worn in peculiar fashion； that symbolizes the social condition of the wearer。 At puberty a maiden is required by the inflexible rule of the tribe to dress her hair in two great whorlsone over each earcalled 〃nashmi。〃 These are in imitation of the squash blossom； which is the Hopi symbol of maidenhood and purity。 When she marries； she must change the fashion of dressing the hair into two pendant rolls； in imitation of the fruit of the squash； which is their emblem or symbol for matronhood and chastity。
Navaho Men's Costumes。 The old time Navaho men wear the white calico trousers； slit up the side； and a shirt； either of colored calico or of some kind of velvet cloth。 On the feet are moccasins； and the stockings are the same footless kind as worn by the Hopi； fastened below the knee with a wide garter。 This is made in the same style as the sashes which the Hopi and Navaho women wear around their waists； but is neither so broad nor so long。 The hair is either allowed to flow loosely over the shoulders； or is arranged in a kind of square knot at the back of the head。 As a basis for this knot； a hairpin made of bone； from three to five inches long； smoothed almost flat； with beveled or rounded edges； and often rudely carved； is used。 Around this knot a sash similar to a garter is generally wrapped to secure it。 The universal bands is worn around the head to help bind the hair； and keep it away