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she stands accused(慢頁瓜御)-及3嫗

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given her in later pages。 

     Anna   Zwanziger�察  �the   earlier   `monster'   of   Bavaria�察  �arrested   in   1809�察�

was an amateur compared with those three。 

     Mrs Susannah Holroyd�察�of Ashton´under´Lyne�察�charged in September 

of   1816    at  the  Lancashire    Assizes    with   the  murder     by   poison   of  her 

husband�察�her own son�察�and the infant child of Anna Newton�察�a lodger of 

hers�察�was nurse to illegitimate children。           She was generally suspected of 

having murdered several of her charges�察�but no evidence�察�as far as I can 

learn�察  �was   brought   forward   to   give   weight   to   the   suspicion   at   her   trial。 

Then     there   were    Mesdames       Flanagan     and   Higgins�察   �found    guilty�察 �at 

Liverpool      Assizes    in  February     1884�察  �of   poisoning     Thomas     Higgins�察�



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                                  SHE STANDS ACCUSED 



husband   of   the   latter   of   the   accused�察  �by   the   administration   of   arsenic。 

The ladies   were sisters�察�living   together in   Liverpool。           With them  in   the 

house   in   Skirvington   Street   were   Flanagan's   son   John�察  �Thomas   Higgins 

and his daughter Mary�察�Patrick Jennings and his daughter Margaret。 

     John     Flanagan     died   in   December       1880。     His    mother     drew    the 

insurance money。         Next year Thomas Higgins married the younger of the 

sisters�察�and in the year following Mary Higgins�察�his daughter�察�died。                    Her 

stepmother       drew   the   insurance    money。      The    year   after  that   Margaret 

Jennings�察�daughter of the lodger�察�died。            Once again insurance money was 

drawn�察�this time by both sisters。 

     Thomas Higgins passed away that same year in a house to which what 

remained   of   the   menage   had   removed。         He   was   on   the   point   of   being 

buried�察�as having died of dysentery due to alcoholism�察�when the suspicions 

of his brother led the coroner to stop the funeral。              The brother had heard 

word   of   insurance   on   the   life   of   Thomas。   A  post´mortem   revealed   the 

fact   that   Thomas     had   actually   died   of   arsenic   poisoning�察    �upon   which 

discovery      the  bodies    of  John    Flanagan�察    �Mary    Higgins�察   �and    Margaret 

Jennings were exhumed for autopsy�察�which revealed arsenic poisoning in 

each   case。     The   prisoners   alone   had   attended   the   deceased   in   the   last 

illnesses。    Theory went that the poison had been obtained by soaking fly´ 

papers。     Mesdames        Flanagan     and   Higgins     were   executed     at  Kirkdale 

Gaol in March of 1884。 

     Now�察    �these   are  two    cases   which�察   �if  only   minor    in  the  wholesale 

poisoning   line     when    compared   with      the  Van    der  Linden�察   �Jegado�察   �and 

Cotton envenomings�察�yet have their points of interest。                 In both cases the 

guilty were so far able to banish ``all trivial fond records'' as to dispose of 

kindred who might have been dear to them�此               �Mrs Holroyd of husband and 

son�察�with lodger's daughter as makeweight�察�the Liverpool pair of nephew�察�

husband�察�stepdaughter ��or son�察�brother´in´law�察�and stepniece�察�according to 

how   you   look   at    it���察  �with   again   the  unfortunate   daughter   of   a   lodger 

thrown      in。   If   they    ``do   things   better   on    the  Continent''speaking 

generally   and   ignoring   our   own   Mary   Annthere   is   yet   temptation   to 

examine the lesser native products at length�察�but space and the scheme of 

this   book   prevent。    In   the   matter   of   the   Liverpool   Locustas   there   is   an 



                                                8 


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                                  SHE STANDS ACCUSED 



engaging   speculation。        It   was   brought   to   my   notice   by   Mr Alan   Brock�察�

author of By Misadventure and Further Evidence。                     Just how far did the 

use   of   flypapers   by   Flanagan   and   Higgins   for   the   obtaining   of   arsenic 

serve   as   an   example   to   Mrs   Maybrick�察  �convicted   of   the   murder   of   her 

husband in the same city five years later�拭�

     The     list  of   women       poisoners     in   England     alone    would      stretch 

interminably。       If one were to confine oneself merely to those employing 

arsenic   the   list   would   still   be   formidable。  Mary   Blandy�察  �who   callously 

slew    her   father   with   arsenic    supplied    her  by   her   lover   at  Henley´on´ 

Thames   in   1751�察  �has   been   a   subject   for   many   criminological   essayists。 

That she has attracted so much attention is probably due to the double fact 

that she was a girl in a very comfortable way of life�察�heiress to a fortune of 

L10��000�察     �and   that  contemporary   records        are   full  and   accessible。    But 

there is nothing essentially interesting about her case to make it stand out 

from   others   that   have   attracted   less   notice   in   a   literary   way。  Another 

Mary�察�of a later date�察�Edith Mary Carew�察�who in 1892 was found guilty by 

the Consular Court�察�Yokohama�察�of the murder of her husband with arsenic 

and   sugar   of   lead�察  �was   an   Englishwoman   who   might   have   given   Mary 

Blandy points in several directions。 

     When we leave the arsenical´minded and seek for cases where other 

poisons   were   employed   there   is   still   no   lack   of   material。   There   is�察  �for 

example�察�the case of Sarah Pearson and the woman Black�察�who were tried 

at Armagh   in   June   1905   for   the   murder   of   the   old   mother   of   the   latter。 

The   old   woman�察�Alice   Pearson   ��Sarah   was   her   daughter´in´law���察  �was   in 

possession      of   small   savings�察    �some    forty   pounds�察    �which    aroused     the 

cupidity of the younger women。               Their first attempt at murder was with 

metallic mercury。        It rather failed�察�and the trick was turned by means of 

three´pennyworth of strychnine�察�bought by Sarah and mixed with the old 

lady's food。      The murder might not have been discovered but for the fact 

that Sarah�察�who had gone to Canada�察�was arrested in Montreal for some 

other offence�察�and made a confession which implicated her husband and 

Black。     A notable point about the case is the amount of metallic mercury 

found in the old woman's body�此�296 grainsa record。 

     Having regard to the condition of life in which these Irishwomen lived�察�



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                                  SHE STANDS ACCUSED 



there   is   nothing�察  �to   my   mind�察  �in   the   fact   that   they   murdered   for   forty 

pounds to make their crime more sordid than that of Mary Blandy。 

     Take�察  �again�察  �the   case   of   Mary Ansel
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��2�� 家��7��
隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��