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ied as an incarnation of a sylvan deity； he had of old a parallel at Rome in the men who； year by year； were slain in the character of King Saturn； the god of the sown and sprouting seed。
Chapter 59。 Killing the God in Mexico
BY NO PEOPLE does the custom of sacrificing the human representative of a god appear to have been observed so commonly and with so much solemnity as by the Aztecs of ancient Mexico。 With the ritual of these remarkable sacrifices we are well acquainted； for it has been fully described by the Spaniards who conquered Mexico in the sixteenth century； and whose curiosity was naturally excited by the discovery in this distant region of a barbarous and cruel religion which presented many curious points of analogy to the doctrine and ritual of their own church。 They took a captive； says the Jesuit Acosta； such as they thought good； and afore they did sacrifice him unto their idols； they gave him the name of the idol； to whom he should be sacrificed； and apparelled him with the same ornaments like their idol； saying； that he did represent the same idol。 And during the time that this representation lasted； which was for a year in some feasts； in others six months； and in others less； they reverenced and worshipped him in the same manner as the proper idol； and in the meantime he did eat； drink； and was merry。 When he went through the streets； the people came forth to worship him； and every one brought him an alms； with children and sick folks； that he might cure them； and bless them； suffering him to do all things at his pleasure； only he was accompanied with ten or twelve men lest he should fly。 And he （to the end he might be reverenced as he passed） sometimes sounded upon a small flute； that the people might prepare to worship him。 The feast being come； and he grown fat； they killed him； opened him； and ate him； making a solemn sacrifice of him。
This general description of the custom may now be illustrated by particular examples。 Thus at the festival called Toxcatl； the greatest festival of the Mexican year； a young man was annually sacrificed in the character of Tezcatlipoca； the god of gods； after having been maintained and worshipped as that great deity in person for a whole year。 According to the old Franciscan monk Sahagun； our best authority on the Aztec religion； the sacrifice of the human god fell at Easter or a few days later； so that； if he is right； it would correspond in date as well as in character to the Christian festival of the death and resurrection of the Redeemer。 More exactly he tells us that the sacrifice took place on the first day of the fifth Aztec month； which according to him began on the twenty…third or twenty…seventh day of April。
At this festival the great god died in the person of one human representative and came to life again in the person of another； who was destined to enjoy the fatal honour of divinity for a year and to perish； like all his predecessors； at the end of it。 The young man singled out for this high dignity was carefully chosen from among the captives on the ground of his personal beauty。 He had to be of unblemished body； slim as a reed and straight as a pillar； neither too tall nor too short。 If through high living he grew too fat； he was obliged to reduce himself by drinking salt water。 And in order that he might behave in his lofty station with becoming grace and dignity he was carefully trained to comport himself like a gentleman of the first quality； to speak correctly and elegantly； to play the flute； to smoke cigars and to snuff at flowers with a dandified air。 He was honourably lodged in the temple； where the nobles waited on him and paid him homage； bringing him meat and serving him like a prince。 The king himself saw to it that he was apparelled in gorgeous attire； for already he esteemed him as a god。 Eagle down was gummed to his head and white cock's feathers were stuck in his hair； which drooped to his girdle。 A wreath of flowers like roasted maize crowned his brows； and a garland of the same flowers passed over his shoulders and under his armpits。 Golden ornaments hung from his nose； golden armlets adorned his arms； golden bells jingled on his legs at every step he took； earrings of turquoise dangled from his ears； bracelets of turquoise bedecked his wrists； necklaces of shells encircled his neck and depended on his breast； he wore a mantle of network； and round his middle a rich waistcloth。 When this bejewelled exquisite lounged through the streets playing on his flute； puffing at a cigar； and smelling at a nosegay； the people whom he met threw themselves on the earth before him and prayed to him with sighs and tears； taking up the dust in their hands and putting it in their mouths in token of the deepest humiliation and subjection。 Women came forth with children in their arms and presented them to him； saluting him as a god。 For he passed for our Lord God； the people acknowledged him as the Lord。 All who thus worshipped him on his passage he saluted gravely and courteously。 Lest he should flee； he was everywhere attended by a guard of eight pages in the royal livery； four of them with shaven crowns like the palace…slaves； and four of them with the flowing locks of warriors； and if he contrived to escape； the captain of the guard had to take his place as the representative of the god and to die in his stead。 Twenty days before he was to die； his costume was changed； and four damsels delicately nurtured and bearing the names of four goddessesthe Goddess of Flowers； the Goddess of the Young Maize； the Goddess Our Mother among the Water； and the Goddess of Saltwere given him to be his brides； and with them he consorted。 During the last five days divine honours were showered on the destined victim。 The king remained in his palace while the whole court went after the human god。 Solemn banquets and dances followed each other in regular succession and at appointed places。 On the last day the young man； attended by his wives and pages； embarked in a canoe covered with a royal canopy and was ferried across the lake to a spot where a little hill rose from the edge of the water。 It was called the Mountain of Parting； because there his wives bade him a last farewell。 Then； accompanied only by his pages； he repaired to a small and lonely temple by the wayside。 Like the Mexican temples in general； it was built in the form of a pyramid； and as the young man ascended the stairs he broke at every step one of the flutes on which he had played in the days of his glory。 On reaching the summit he was seized and held down by the priests on his back upon a block of stone； while one of them cut open his breast； thrust his hand into the wound； and wrenching out his heart held it up in sacrifice to the sun。 The body of the dead god was not； like the bodies of common victims； sent rolling down the steps of the temple； but was carried down to the foot； where the head was cut off and spitted on a pike。 Such was the regular end of the man who personated the greatest god of the Mexican pantheon。
The honour of living for a short time in the character of a god and dying a violent death in the same capacity was not restricted to men in Mexico； women were allowed； or rather c