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the places fit； and used by them for cultivation。 If this is done we will soon
bring them to terms。
Until now； our mining establishments have not been molested by them；
and we are going on in high glee。 This is undoubtedly the richest silver
mining country in the world。 If the United States will make just and liberal
laws for us； give us protection； remove those trifling and unprofitable
custom houses on the frontier； at least for 5 or 6 years； procure us a transit
through Sonora to Guaymas； and hasten along the rail…road to California；
this will indeed be a prosperous country； and will astonish the world with
its production of silver and copper。 But with such terrible obstacles as
those mentioned above and the great length of transit to transport goods
over the roads which we have to take at present； progress only is possible
for such as find mines of the extraordinary and incredible richness of the
Heintzelman vein。 If the present promises of few of these mines are
realized； by working them on a scale commensurate with their extent and
richness； I have no doubt but that they will equal in production the whole
silver exports of Mexico。
I think an appropriation ought to be made to sink artesian wells
through the Papagos country； between San Xavier and the lower Gila。 This
route cuts off about 100 miles from the best route via the Pinos villages。 It
is laid down on my map； as a rail…road route； now at the office of the
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
Sonora Exploring and Mining Company； at Cincinnati； Ohio。
The country consists of a succession of plains and isolated mountain
ridges； none of which need to be crossed。 In fact it is a dead level to Fort
Yuma； and； in consequence； no grading is necessary。 There is scarcity of
water； but the soil in general is excellent and grass abounds all along the
line； while the mountains teem with minerals of the richest description。
The oxides and the sulphurets of copper are the most beautiful and richest
in the world。 Silver undoubtedly exists of equal richness。
All the foothills contain gold； but I hardly think it will be extracted by
the whites； as the localities are devoid of water； and they are not probably
rich enough to pay without sluicing on an extensive scale。〃
I am； sir； very respectfully； your most obedient servant； Herman
Ehrenberg。
To Lieut。 S。 Mowry； U。 S。 A。； Delegate elect from Arizona；
Washington； D。 C。
The only comment the writer has to make upon these statements is；
that two years' residence among and acquaintance with the people of
Arizona； has convinced him of their absolute truth。 At the last session of
Congress a petition was presented； praying for a separate Territorial
organization。 The necessity for some legislation was admitted by both
Senate and House； and bills creating a separate judicial district and land
offices； passed both Houses； but owing to some minor differences and the
lateness of the session； the bills failed to become a law。
With an increased population and prolonged grievances； the people of
Arizona are again about to present themselves as supplicants for that right
inherent in the American heartthe right of self governmentand of
protection under the law。 Their petition sets forth in brief； plain terms；
their situation and necessities； and prays simply for a separation from New
Mexico and a Territorial organization under the name of Arizona。 As a
matter of necessity for the successful carriage of the mail across the
country； this Territorial organization is imperative。 No contract for labor or
supplies can be enforced in the present condition of the country。 Courts of
law must be established； with officers to enforce their mandates； or the
contractors will be utterly unable to carry out their contract。
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
The great necessity of a safe and speedy overland communication with
the Pacific； has directed public attention to the organization of Arizona as
a separate Territory； and the desired legislation has received the unanimous
endorsement of the press of the whole country。 Petitions with thousands of
signatures from leading citizens of the majority of the states of the Union；
will be presented to Congress asking for the immediate organization of the
new Territory as the best means to at once open a highway to the Pacific；
and so important has this view of the question been deemed as to call from
the President of the United States a recommendation in his message to
Congress。 No opposition has been made to the most just prayer of the
people of Arizona； and it is believed that none will be made； unless it
comes from New Mexico。 It must be born in mind that the Gadsden
Purchase was not originally an integral part of New Mexico； that it was
acquired years after the treaty of Gaudaloupe Hidalgo； and was only
attached to the territory of New Mexico as a temporary expedient。 It must
also be remembered that the Gadsden Purchase； with the portion of New
Mexico which it is proposed to include within the limits of the territory of
Arizona； is separated from New Mexico proper by natural boundries； that
it derives no benefit from the present connection； and that any opposition
to the desired legislation arises from the Mexican population； which fears
the influence of a large American emigration。 Moreover； that New Mexico
contains upwards of 200；000 square miles； and that its organic act
provides for its partition； showing clearly that Congress anticipated； at no
remote day； the settlement of the country by an American population； and
its erection into several territories and states。 The only effect of the present
connection of Arizona with New Mexico is to crush out the voice and
sentiment of the American people in the territory； and years of emigration；
under present auspices； would not serve to counterbalance or equal the
influence of the 60；000 Mexican residents of New Mexico。 New Mexico
has never encouraged American population。 She is thoroughly Mexican in
sentiment； and desires to remain so。
As a matter of State policy； the organization of Arizona is of the first
impor