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up from slavery-第25章

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aching in Mississippi; one of her pupils became ill with smallpox。 Every one in the community was so frightened that no one would nurse the boy。 Miss Davidson closed her school and remained by the bedside of the boy night and day until he recovered。 While she was at her Ohio home on her vacation; the worst epidemic of yellow fever broke out in Memphis; Tenn。; that perhaps has ever occurred in the South。 When she heard of this; she at once telegraphed the Mayor of Memphis; offering her services as a yellow…fever nurse; although she had never had the disease。

Miss Davidon's experience in the South showed her that the people needed something more than mere book…learning。 She heard of the Hampton system of education; and decided that this was what she wanted in order to prepare herself for better work in the South。 The attention of Mrs。 Mary Hemenway; of Boston; was attracted to her rare ability。 Through Mrs。 Hemenway's kindness and generosity; Miss Davidson; after graduating at Hampton; received an opportunity to complete a two years' course of training at the Massachusetts State Normal School at Framingham。

Before she went to Framingham; some one suggested to Miss Davidson that; since she was so very light in colour; she might find it more comfortable not to be known as a coloured women in this school in Massachusetts。 She at once replied that under no circumstances and for no considerations would she consent to deceive any one in regard to her racial identity。

Soon after her graduation from the Framingham institution; Miss Davidson came to Tuskegee; bringing into the school many valuable and fresh ideas as to the best methods of teaching; as well as a rare moral character and a life of unselfishness that I think has seldom been equalled。 No single individual did more toward laying the foundations of the Tuskegee Institute so as to insure the successful work that has been done there than Olivia A。 Davidson。

Miss Davidson and I began consulting as to the future of the school from the first。 The students were making progress in learning books and in development their minds; but it became apparent at once that; if we were to make any permanent impression upon those who had come to us for training we must do something besides teach them mere books。 The students had come from homes where they had had no opportunities for lessons which would teach them how to care for their bodies。 With few exceptions; the homes in Tuskegee in which the students boarded were but little improvement upon those from which they had come。 We wanted to teach the students how to bathe; how to care for their teeth and clothing。 We wanted to teach them what to eat; and how to eat it properly; and how to care for their rooms。 Aside from this; we wanted to give them such a practical knowledge of some one industry; together with the spirit of industry; thrift; and economy; that they would be sure of knowing how to make a living after they had left us。 We wanted to teach them to study actual things instead of mere books alone。

We found that the most of our students came from the country districts; where agriculture in some form or other was the main dependence of the people。 We learned that about eighty…five per cent of the coloured people in the Gulf states depended upon agriculture for their living。 Since this was true; we wanted to be careful not to education our students out of sympathy with agricultural life; so that they would be attracted from the country to the cities; and yield to the temptation of trying to live by their wits。 We wanted to give them such an education as would fit a large proportion of them to be teachers; and at the same time cause them to return to the plantation districts and show the people there how to put new energy and new ideas into farming; as well as into the intellectual and moral and religious life of the people。

All these ideas and needs crowded themselves upon us with a seriousness that seemed well…night overwhelming。 What were we to do? We had only the little old shanty and the abandoned church which the good coloured people of the town of Tuskegee had kindly loaned us for the accommodation of the classes。 The number of students was increasing daily。 The more we saw of them; and the more we travelled through the country districts; the more we saw that our efforts were reaching; to only a partial degree; the actual needs of the people whom we wanted to lift up through the medium of the students whom we should education and send out as leaders。

The more we talked with the students; who were then coming to us from several parts of the state; the more we found that the chief ambition among a large proportion of them was to get an education so that they would not have to work any longer with their hands。

This is illustrated by a story told of a coloured man in Alabama; who; one hot day in July; while he was at work in a cotton…field; suddenly stopped; and; looking toward the skies; said: 〃O Lawd; de cottom am so grassy; de work am so hard; and the sun am so hot dat I b'lieve dis darky am called to preach!〃

About three months after the opening of the school; and at the time when we were in the greatest anxiety about our work; there came into market for sale an old and abandoned plantation which was situated about a mile from the town of Tuskegee。 The mansion houseor 〃big house;〃 as it would have been calledwhich had been occupied by the owners during slavery; had been burned。 After making a careful examination of the place; it seemed to be just the location that we wanted in order to make our work effective and permanent。

But how were we to get it? The price asked for it was very little only five hundred dollarsbut we had no money; and we were strangers in the town and had no credit。 The owner of the land agreed to let us occupy the place if we could make a payment of two hundred and fifty dollars down; with the understanding that the remaining two hundred and fifty dollars must be paid within a year。 Although five hundred dollars was cheap for the land; it was a large sum when one did not have any part of it。

In the midst of the difficulty I summoned a great deal of courage and wrote to my friend General J。F。B。 Marshall; the Treasurer of the Hampton Institute; putting the situation before him and beseeching him to lend me the two hundred and fifty dollars on my own personal responsibility。 Within a few days a reply came to the effect that he had no authority to lend me the money belonging to the Hampton Institute; but that he would gladly lend me the amount needed from his own personal funds。

I confess that the securing of this money in this way was a great surprise to me; as well as a source of gratification。 Up to that time I never had had in my possession so much money as one hundred dollars at a time; and the loan which I had asked General Marshall for seemed a tremendously large sum to me。 The fact of my being responsible for the repaying of such a large amount of money weighed very heavily upon me。

I lost no time in getting ready to move the school on to the new farm。 At the time we occupied the place there were standing upon it a cabin; formerly used as a dining room; an old kitchen; a s
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