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re over the writing； and so sent it。 By these means； the guards placed to watch the roads； observing nothing but a blank tablet； were sure to give no trouble to the bearer。 When the tablet reached Lacedaemon； there was no one； I understand； who could find out the secret； till Gorgo； the daughter of Cleomenes and wife of Leonidas； discovered it； and told the others。 〃If they would scrape the wax off the tablet；〃 she said； 〃they would be sure to find the writing upon the wood。〃 The Lacedaemonians took her advice； found the writing； and read it； after which they sent it round to the other Greeks。 Such then is the account which is given of this matter。 The Eighth Book； Entitled URANIA
THE Greeks engaged in the sea…service were the following。 The Athenians furnished a hundred and twenty…seven vessels to the fleet； which were manned in part by the Plataeans； who； though unskilled in such matters； were led by their active and daring spirit to undertake this duty； the Corinthians furnished a contingent of forty vessels； the Megarians sent twenty； the Chalcideans also manned twenty； which had been furnished to them by the Athenians； the Eginetans came with eighteen； the Sicyonians with twelve； the Lacedaemonians with ten； the Epidaurians with eight； the Eretrians with seven； the Troezenians with five； the Styreans with two； and the Ceans with two triremes and two penteconters。 Last of all； the Locrians of Opus came in aid with a squadron of seven penteconters。 Such were the nations which furnished vessels to the fleet now at Artemisium； and in mentioning them I have given the number of ships furnished by each。 The total number of the ships thus brought together； without counting the penteconters； was two hundred and seventy…one； and the captain； who had the chief command over the whole fleet； was Eurybiades the son of Eurycleides。 He was furnished by Sparta； since the allies had said that 〃if a Lacedaemonian did not take the command； they would break up the fleet； for never would they serve under the Athenians。〃 From the first； even earlier than the time when the embassy went to Sicily to solicit alliance； there had been a talk of intrusting the Athenians with the command at sea； but the allies were averse to the plan； wherefore the Athenians did not press it； for there was nothing they had so much at heart as the salvation of Greece； and they knew that； if they quarrelled among themselves about the command； Greece would be brought to ruin。 Herein they judged rightly； for internal strife is a thing as much worse than war carried on by a united people； as war itself is worse than peace。 The Athenians therefore； being so persuaded； did not push their claims； but waived them； so long as they were in such great need of aid from the other Greeks。 And they afterwards showed their motive； for at the time when the Persians had been driven from Greece； and were now threatened by the Greeks in their own country； they took occasion of the insolence of Pausanias to deprive the Lacedaemonians of their leadership。 This； however； happened afterwards。 At the present time the Greeks； on their arrival at Artemisium； when they saw the number of the ships which lay at anchor near Aphetae； and the abundance of troops everywhere； feeling disappointed that matters had gone with the barbarians so far otherwise than they had expected； and full of alarm at what they saw； began to speak of drawing back from Artemisium towards the inner parts of their country。 So when the Euboeans heard what was in debate； they went to Eurybiades； and besought him to wait a few days； while they removed their children and their slaves to a place of safety。 But； as they found that they prevailed nothing； they left him and went to Themistocles； the Athenian commander； to whom they gave a bribe of thirty talents； on his promise that the fleet should remain and risk a battle in defence of Euboea。 And Themistocles succeeded in detaining the fleet in the way which I will now relate。 He made over to Eurybiades five talents out of the thirty paid him； which he gave as if they came from himself； and having in this way gained over the admiral； he addressed himself to Adeimantus； the son of Ocytus； the Corinthian leader； who was the only remonstrant now； and who still threatened to sail away from Artemisium and not wait for the other captains。 Addressing himself to this man； Themistocles said with an oath… 〃Thou forsake us？ By no means！ I will pay thee better for remaining than the Mede would for leaving thy friends〃… and straightway he sent on board the ship of Adeimantus a present of three talents of silver。 So these two captains were won by gifts； and came over to the views of Themistocles； who was thereby enabled to gratify the wishes of the Euboeans。 He likewise made his own gain on the occasion； for he kept the rest of the money； and no one knew of it。 The commanders who took the gifts thought that the sums were furnished by Athens； and had been sent to be used in this way。 Thus it came to pass that the Greeks stayed at Euboea and there gave battle to the enemy。 Now the battle was on this wise。 The barbarians reached Aphetae early in the afternoon； and then saw （as they had previously heard reported） that a fleet of Greek ships； weak in number； lay at Artemisium。 At once they were eager to engage； fearing that the Greeks would fly； and hoping to capture them before they should get away。 They did not however think it wise to make straight for the Greek station； lest the enemy should see them as they bore down； and betake themselves to flight immediately； in which case night might close in before they came up with the fugitives； and so they might get clean off and make their escape from them； whereas the Persians were minded not to let a single soul slip through their hands。 They therefore contrived a plan； which was the following：… They detached two hundred of their ships from the rest； and… to prevent the enemy from seeing them start… sent them round outside the island of Sciathos； to make the circuit of Euboea by Caphareus and Geraestus； and so to reach the Euripus。 By this plan they thought to enclose the Greeks on every side； for the ships detached would block up the only way by which they could retreat； while the others would press upon them in front。 With these designs therefore they dispatched the two hundred ships； while they themselves waited… since they did not mean to attack the Greeks upon that day； or until they knew； by signal； of the arrival of the detachment which had been ordered to sail round Euboea。 Meanwhile they made a muster of the other ships at Aphetae。 Now the Persians had with them a man named Scyllias； a native of Scione； who was the most expert diver of his day。 At the time of the shipwreck off Mount Pelion he had recovered for the Persians a great part of what they lost； and at the same time he had taken care to obtain for himself a good share of the treasure。 He had for some time been wishing to go over to the Greeks； but no good opportunity had offered till now； when the Persians were making the muster of their ships。 In what way he contrived to reach the Greeks I am