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since he first entered politics； that party transcended persons； and that only in the gravest case imaginable was one justified in bolting his party because one disapproved of its candidate。 He did not respect Blaine； on the contrary； he regarded Blaine as a bad man： but he believed that the future of the country would be much safer under the control of the Republican Party than under the Democratic。 This doctrine exposes its adherents to obvious criticism； if not to suspicion。 It enables persons of callous consciences to support bad platforms and bad candidates without blushing； but after all； who shall say at what point you are justified in bolting your party？ The decision must rest with the individual。 And although it was hard for the bolting Independents in 1884 to accept the tenet that party transcends persons； it was Roosevelt's reason； and with him sincere。 Some of his colleagues in the better element who had struggled as he had to defeat Blaine； and then； almost effusively； exalted Blaine as their standard…bearer； were less fortunate than he in having their sincerity doubted。 George William Curtis； Carl Schurz； Charles Francis Adams； and other Independents of their intransigent temper formed a Mugwump Party and this turned the scale in electing Grover Cleveland President。
There used to be much discussion as to who persuaded Roosevelt； although he detested Blaine； to stand by the Republicans in 1884。 Those were the days when very few of his critics understood that； in spite of his youth； he had already thought for himself on politics and had reached certain conclusions as to fundamental principles。 These critics assumed that he must have been won over by Henry Cabot Lodge； with whom he had been intimate since his Harvard days； and who was supposed to be his political mentor。 The truth is； however； that Roosevelt had formed his own opinion about bolting； and that he and Lodge； in discussing possibilities before they went to the Chicago Convention； had independently agreed that they must abide by the choice of the party there。 They held； and a majority of men in similar position still hold； that delegates cannot in honor abandon the nominee chosen by the majority in a convention which they attend as delegates。 If the rule； 〃My man； or nobody；〃 were to prevail； there would be no use in holding conventions at all。 And after that of 1884； George William Curtis； one of the chief leaders of the Independents； admitted that Roosevelt； in staying with the Republican Party； played the game fairly。 While Curtis himself bolted and helped to organize the Mugwumps； Roosevelt； after his trip to the West； returned to New York and took a vigorous part in the campaign。 Nevertheless； Roosevelt's decision； in 1884； to cleave to the Republican Party disappointed many of us。 We thought of him as a lost leader。 Some critics in their ignorance were inclined to impute false motives to him； but in time； the cloud of suspicion rolled away and his action in that crisis was not laid up against him。 The election of Cleveland relieved him of seeming perfunctorily to uphold Blaine。
CHAPTER IV。 NATURE THE HEALER
A perfect biography would show definitely the interaction between mind and body。 At present we can only guess what this interaction may be。 In some cases the relations are evident； but in most they are vague and often unsuspected。 The psychologists； whose pretensions are so great and whose actual results are still so small； may perhaps lead； an age or two hence； to the desired knowledge。 But the biographer of today must beware of adopting the unripe formulas of any immature science。 Nevertheless； he must watch； study； and record all the facts pertaining to his subject； although he cannot explain them。 Theodore Roosevelt was a wonderful example of the partnership of mind and body； and any one who writes his biography in detail will do well to pay great heed to this intricate interlocking。 I can do no more than allude to it here。 We have seen that Roosevelt from his earliest days had a quick mind； happily not precocious； and a weak body which prevented him from taking part in normal physical activity and the play and sport of boyhood。 So his intellectual life grew out of scale to his physical。 Then he set to work by the deliberate application of will…power to develop his body； and when he entered Harvard he was above the average youth in strength。 Before he graduated； those who saw him box or wrestle beheld a fellow somewhat slim and light； but unusually well set up。 During the succeeding four years he never allowed his duties as Assemblyman to encroach upon his exercise； on the contrary； he played regularly and he played hard； adding new kinds of sport to develop new faculties and to give the spice of variety。 He rode to hounds with the Meadowbrook Hunt； he took up polo； and he boxed and wrestled as in his college days。
In a few years Roosevelt became physically a very powerful man。 I recall my astonishment the first time I saw him； after the lapse of several years； to find him with the neck of a Titan and with broad shoulders and stalwart chest； instead of the city…bred； slight young friend I had known earlier。 His body was now equal to any burden or strain which his mind might have to endure； and hence forth it is no idle fancy that suggests a perpetual competition between the two。 Thanks to his extraordinary will； however； he never allowed his body to get control； but； as appetite comes with eating； so his strong and healthy muscles craved more and more exercise as he used them。 And now he took a novel way to gratify them。
Ever since his first taste of camp life； when he went into the Maine Woods under the guidance of Bill Sewall and Will Dow； Roosevelt felt the lure of wild nature； and on many successive seasons he repeated these trips。 Gradually； fishing and hunting in the wilderness of Maine or the Adirondacks did not afford him enough scope for his brimming vigor。 He decided to go West； to the real West； where great game and Indians still survived； and the conditions of the few white men were almost as primitive as in the days of the earliest explorers。 When the session of 1883 adjourned； he started for North Dakota； then a territory with a few settlers； and among the Bad Lands on the Little Missouri he bought an interest in two cattle ranches； the Chimney Butte and the Elkhorn。 The following year； after the Presidential campaign which placed Cleveland in the White House； Roosevelt determined； as we saw in the letters I have quoted； to abandon the East for a time and to devote himself to a ranchman's life。 He was still in deep grief at the loss of his wife and of his mother； there was no immediate prospect of usefulness for him in politics； the conventions of civilization； as he knew them in New York City； palled upon him； a sure instinct whispered to him that he must break away and seek health of body and heart and soul among the re mote； unspoiled haunts of primeval Nature。 For nearly two years； with occasional intervals spent in the East； the Elkhorn Ranch at Medora was his home； and he has described the life of the ranchman and cow…puncher in pages which are sure to be read as long as posterity takes any interest in kno