the foundations of personality-第83章

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　and　constant　activity；　well　controlled　by　purpose；　with　eagerness　and　enthusiasm　manifested　in　each　act　but　not　excessively。　1。　A。　is　one　of　these　people。　In　school　he　specialized　in　athletics　and　was　a　fine　all…round　player　in　almost　every　sport。　When　he　left　high　school　to　go　to　work　he　at　once　entered　business。　His　employers　soon　found　him　to　be　a　tireless　worker；　steady　and　purposeful　in　everything。　In　addition　to　carrying　on　his　duties　by　day；　A。　studied　nights；　carefully　choosing　his　subjects　so　that　they　related　directly　to　his　business。　Despite　the　fact　that　his　work　was　hard　and　his　studies　exacting；　A。　had　energy　enough　left　to　join　social　organizations　and　to　take　a　leading　part　in　their　affairs。　He　became　quickly　known　as　one　of　those　busy　people　who　always　are　ready　to　take　on　more　work。　Naturally　this　led　to　his　becoming　a　leader；　first　in　his　social　relations　and　second　in　his　business。　Always　practical　in　his　judgments　and　actions；　A。　fell　in　love　with　the　daughter　of　a　rich　family　and　married　her；　with　the　full　approval　of　her　relatives；　who　were　keen　enough　to　see　that　his　energy；　power　and　control　were　destined　for　success。　The　leading　traits　that　A。　manifests　hinge　around　his　high　energy　and　control。　He　is　honest　and　conventional；　devoted　to　the　ideals　of　his　group　and　admires　learning；　but　he　is　not　in　any　sense　a　scholar。　He　is　a　poor　speaker；　in　the　ordinary　sense　of　that　term；　but　curiously　effective；　nevertheless；　because　his　earnest　energy　and　sturdy　common　sense　win　approval　as　〃not　a　theorist。〃　But　mainly　he　wins　because　he　is　tireless　in　energy　and　enthusiasm　and　yet　has　yoked　these　qualities　to　ordinary　purposes。　The　average　man　he　meets　understands　him　thoroughly；　sympathizes　with　him　completely　and　accepts　him　as　a　leader　after　his　own　heart。　So　A。　has　become　rich　and　respected。　As　times　goes　on；　as　he　is　brought　more　and　more　into　contact　with　large　affairs　outside　of　business；　as　a　trustee　of　hospitals　and　a　director　of　charitable　organizations；　he　broadens　out　but　not　into　an　〃unsafe〃　attitude。　He　pities　the　unfortunate　but　is　not　truly　sympathetic；　in　that　it　rarely　occurs　to　him　that　success　and　failure　are　relative；　that　an　accident　might　have　shipwrecked　his　fortunes　and　that　his　good　qualities　are　as　innate　as　his　complexion。　For　this　man　prides　himself　on　his　strong　will　and　courage；　whereas　he　merely　has　within　him　a　fine　engine　in　whose　construction　he　had　no　part。　2。　The　hyperkinetic；　controlled；　impractical　person。　B。　is；　in　the　fundamentals　of　energy　and　control；　singularly　like　A。；　but　because　of　the　nature　of　his　interests　and　purposes　their　lives　have　completely　diverged　so　that　no　one　would　ordinarily　recognize　the　kinship　in　type。　B。　is　and　always　has　been　a　worker；　enthusiastic　and　enduring；　and　he　has　stuck　to　his　last　with　a　fidelity　that　is　remarkable。　He　is　very　likable　in　the　ordinary　sense；pleasant　to　look　at；　cheerful；　ready　to　joke；　laugh　or　to　help　the　other　fellow。　Nevertheless；　he　has　only　a　few　friends　and　is　a　distinctly　disappointed　man　at　heart；　because　his　interests　are　in　the　ordinary　sense；　impractical。　B。　early　became　interested　in　physiology。　From　the　very　start　he　found　in　the　workings　of　the　human　body　a　fascination　that　concentrated　his　efforts。　Poor；　he　worked　hard　enough　to　obtain　scholarships　and　fellowships　in　one　university　after　another　until　finally　he　became　a　Ph。　D。　Here　was　a　great　error　from　the　practical　standpoint；　for　had　he　become　an　M。　D。；　he　would　have　had　a　profession　that　offered　an　independent　financial　future。　But；　in　his　zeal；　he　did　not　wish　to　take　on　the　extended　program　of　the　physician；　and　he　saw　clearly　that　he　might　become　a　better　scientist　as　a　Ph。　D。　He　became　a　teacher　in　one　school　after　another；　did　a　good　deal　of　research　work；　but　has　not　been　fortunate　enough　to　make　any　epoch…making　discoveries。　He　is　one　of　those　splendid；　painstaking；　energetic　men　found　in　every　university　who　turn　out　good　pieces　of　work　of　which　only　a　few　know　anything；　and　from　which　in　the　course　of　time　some　genius　or　lucky　scientist　culls　a　few　facts　upon　which　to　build　up　a　great　theory　or　a　new　doctrine。　He　married　one　of　his　own　students；　a　fine　woman　but　unluckily　not　very　strong；　and　so　there　fell　on　him　many　a　domestic　duty　that　a　thousand　extra　dollars　a　year　would　have　turned　over　to　a　maid。　Thus　B。　is　an　obscure　but　respected　member　of　the　faculty　of　a　small　university。　He　teaches　well；　though　he　dislikes　it；　and　he　is　happy　at　the　times　when　he　works　hard　at　some　physiological　problem。　He　loves　his　family　and　has　vowed　that　his　son　will　be　a　business　man。　He　feels　inferior　as　he　contemplates　his　obscure　existence；　with　its　precarious　financial　state；　its　drudgery　and　most　of　all　the　gradual　disappearance　of　his　ideals。　He　is　frank　to　himself　alone；　wishes　he　had　made　money；　but　is　apt　to　sneer　at　the　world　of　the　〃fat　and　successful〃　as　less　than　his　intellectual　equal。　He　compares　his　own　rewards　with　that　of　the　successful　man　knowing　less　and　with　a　narrower　outlook。　Thus；　through　success；　A。　is　broadening　and　becoming　something　of　an　idealist。　B。　is　narrowing　and　through　failure　is　losing　his　ideals。　This　is　not　an　uncommon　effect　of　success　and　failure。　Where　success　leads　to　arrogance　and　conceit　it　narrows；　but　where　the　character　withstands　this　result　the　increased　experience　and　opportunity　is　of　great　value　to　character。　Failure　may　embitter　and　thus　narrow　through　envy　and　lost　energy；　but　also　it　may　strip　away　conceit　and　overestimation　and　thus　lead　to　a　richer　insight　into　life。　3。　The　hyperkinetic；　uncontrolled　or　shallow。　This　type；　although　quick　and　apparently　energetic；　is　deficient　in　a　fundamental　of　the　personality；　in　the　organizing　energy。　This　deficiency　may　extend　into　all　phases　of　the　mental　life　or　in　only　a　few　phases。　Thus　we　see　people　whose　thinking　is　rapid；　energetic；　but　they　cannot　〃stick〃　to　one　line　of　thought　long　enough　to　reach　a　goal。　Others　are　similarly　situated　in　regard　to　purposes；　they　are　enthusiastic；　easily　stirred　into　activity；　but　rarely　do　their　purposes　remain　fixed　long　enough　for　success。　As　a　rule　this　class　is　inconstant　in　affections；　though　warm　and　sympathetic。　They　gush　but　never　organize　their　philanthropic　efforts；　so　that　they　rarely　do　any　real　good。　Often　the　most　lovable　of　people；　they　are　at　the　same　time　the　despair　of　those　who　know　them　best。　M。　is　a　woman　who　makes　a　fine　first　impression；　is　very　pretty；　with　nice　manners　and　a　quick；　flattering　interest　in　every　one　she　meets。　She　is　usually　classed　as　intelligent　because　she　is　vivacious；　that　is；　her　mind　follows　the　trend　of　things　quickly；　and　she　marshals　whatever　she　knows　very　readily。　As　one　who　knows　her　well　says；　〃She　shows　all　her　goods　the　first　time。　You　really　do　not　know　how　slender　her　stock　in　trade　is　until　you　see　the　same　goods　and　tricks　every　time　you　meet　her。〃　Needless　to　say　her　critic　is　a　woman。　M。　is　interested　in　something　new　each　week。　The　〃new〃　usually　fascinates　her；　and　she　becomes　so　extraordinarily　busy　that　she　hardly　has　time　to　eat　or　sleep。　She　is　always　put　on　committees　if　the　organization　heads　do　not　know　her；　but　if　they　do；　she　is　carefully　slated　for　som