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sometimes in lesser numbers。 And whatever happened either in your
country or in ours； or in any other region of which we are informed…if
there were any actions noble or great or in any other way
remarkable； they have all been written down by us of old； and are
preserved in our temples。 Whereas just when you and other nations
are beginning to be provided with letters and the other requisites
of civilized life； after the usual interval； the stream from heaven；
like a pestilence； comes pouring down； and leaves only those of you
who are destitute of letters and education； and so you have to begin
all over again like children； and know nothing of what happened in
ancient times； either among us or among yourselves。 As for those
genealogies of yours which you just now recounted to us； Solon； they
are no better than the tales of children。 In the first place you
remember a single deluge only； but there were many previous ones； in
the next place； you do not know that there formerly dwelt in your land
the fairest and noblest race of men which ever lived； and that you and
your whole city are descended from a small seed or remnant of them
which survived。 And this was unknown to you； because； for many
generations； the survivors of that destruction died； leaving no
written word。 For there was a time； Solon； before the great deluge
of all； when the city which now is Athens was first in war and in
every way the best governed of all cities； is said to have performed
the noblest deeds and to have had the fairest constitution of any of
which tradition tells； under the face of heaven。
Solon marvelled at his words； and earnestly requested the priests to
inform him exactly and in order about these former citizens。 You are
welcome to hear about them； Solon； said the priest； both for your
own sake and for that of your city； and above all； for the sake of the
goddess who is the common patron and parent and educator of both our
cities。 She founded your city a thousand years before ours；
receiving from the Earth and Hephaestus the seed of your race； and
afterwards she founded ours； of which the constitution is recorded
in our sacred registers to be eight thousand years old。 As touching
your citizens of nine thousand years ago； I will briefly inform you of
their laws and of their most famous action； the exact particulars of
the whole we will hereafter go through at our leisure in the sacred
registers themselves。 If you compare these very laws with ours you
will find that many of ours are the counterpart of yours as they
were in the olden time。 In the first place； there is the caste of
priests； which is separated from all the others； next； there are the
artificers； who ply their several crafts by themselves and do not
intermix； and also there is the class of shepherds and of hunters；
as well as that of husbandmen； and you will observe； too； that the
warriors in Egypt are distinct from all the other classes； and are
commanded by the law to devote themselves solely to military pursuits；
moreover； the weapons which they carry are shields and spears； a style
of equipment which the goddess taught of Asiatics first to us； as in
your part of the world first to you。 Then as to wisdom； do you observe
how our law from the very first made a study of the whole order of
things； extending even to prophecy and medicine which gives health；
out of these divine elements deriving what was needful for human life；
and adding every sort of knowledge which was akin to them。 All this
order and arrangement the goddess first imparted to you when
establishing your city； and she chose the spot of earth in which you
were born； because she saw that the happy temperament of the seasons
in that land would produce the wisest of men。 Wherefore the goddess；
who was a lover both of war and of wisdom； selected and first of all
settled that spot which was the most likely to produce men likest
herself。 And there you dwelt； having such laws as these and still
better ones； and excelled all mankind in all virtue； as became the
children and disciples of the gods。
Many great and wonderful deeds are recorded of your state in our
histories。 But one of them exceeds all the rest in greatness and
valour。 For these histories tell of a mighty power which unprovoked
made an expedition against the whole of Europe and Asia； and to
which your city put an end。 This power came forth out of the
Atlantic Ocean； for in those days the Atlantic was navigable； and
there was an island situated in front of the straits which are by
you called the Pillars of Heracles； the island was larger than Libya
and Asia put together； and was the way to other islands； and from
these you might pass to the whole of the opposite continent which
surrounded the true ocean； for this sea which is within the Straits of
Heracles is only a harbour； having a narrow entrance； but that other
is a real sea； and the surrounding land may be most truly called a
boundless continent。 Now in this island of Atlantis there was a
great and wonderful empire which had rule over the whole island and
several others； and over parts of the continent； and； furthermore； the
men of Atlantis had subjected the parts of Libya within the columns of
Heracles as far as Egypt； and of Europe as far as Tyrrhenia。 This vast
power； gathered into one； endeavoured to subdue at a blow our
country and yours and the whole of the region within the straits；
and then； Solon； your country shone forth； in the excellence of her
virtue and strength； among all mankind。 She was pre…eminent in courage
and military skill； and was the leader of the Hellenes。 And when the
rest fell off from her； being compelled to stand alone； after having
undergone the very extremity of danger； she defeated and triumphed
over the invaders； and preserved from slavery those who were not yet
subjugated； and generously liberated all the rest of us who dwell
within the pillars。 But afterwards there occurred violent
earthquakes and floods； and in a single day and night of misfortune
all your warlike men in a body sank into the earth； and the island
of Atlantis in like manner disappeared in the depths of the sea。 For
which reason the sea in those parts is impassable and impenetrable；
because there is a shoal of mud in the way； and this was caused by the
subsidence of the island。
I have told you briefly； Socrates； what the aged Critias heard
from Solon and related to us。 And when you were speaking yesterday
about your city and citizens； the tale which I have just been
repeating to you came into my mind； and I remarked with astonishment
how； by some mysterious coincidence； you agreed in almost every
particular with the narrative of Solon； but I did not like to speak at
the moment。 For a long time had elapsed； and I had forgotten too much；
I thought that I must first of all run over the narrative in my own
mind； and then I would speak。 And so I readily assented to your
request yesterday； considering that in all such cases the chief
difficulty is to find a tale suitable to our purpose； and that with
such a tal