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your petit'rs shall humbly pray；〃 etc。
Throughout that formative period； and during the intermittent French
wars； Portsmouth and the outlying districts were the scenes of bloody
Indian massacres。 No portion of the New England colony suffered more。
Famine； fire； pestilence； and war； each in turn； and sometimes in
conjunction； beleaguered the little stronghold； and threatened to wipe it
out。 But that was not to be。
The settlement flourished and increased in spite of all； and as soon as
it had leisure to draw breath； it bethought itself of the school…house and the
jailtwo incontestable signs of budding civilization。 At a town meeting in
1662； it was ordered 〃that a cage be made or some other meanes invented
by the selectmen to punish such as sleepe or take tobacco on the Lord's
day out of the meetinge in the time of publique service。〃 This salutary
measure was not； for some reason； carried into effect until nine years later；
when Captain John Pickering； who seems to have had as many professions
as Michelangelo； undertook to construct a cage twelve feet square and
seven feet high； with a pillory on top； 〃the said Pickering to make a good
strong dore and make a substantiale payre of stocks and places the same in
said cage。〃 A spot conveniently near the west end on the meeting…house
was selected as the site for this ingenious device。 It is more than probable
that 〃the said Pickering〃 indirectly furnished an occasional bird for his
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cage； for in 1672 we find him and one Edward Westwere authorized by the
selectmen to 〃keepe houses of publique entertainment。〃 He was a versatile
individual； this John Pickeringsoldier； miller； moderator； carpenter；
lawyer； and innkeeper。 Michelangelo need not blush to be bracketed with
him。 In the course of a long and variegated career he never failed to act
according to his lights； which he always kept well trimmed。 That Captain
Pickering subsequently became the grandfather； at several removes； of the
present writer was no fault of the Captain's； and should not be laid up
against him。
Down to 1696； the education of the young appears to have been a
rather desultory and tentative matter； 〃the young idea〃 seems to have been
allowed to 〃shoot〃 at whatever it wanted to； but in that year it was voted
〃that care be taken that an abell scollmaster ＇skullmaster！＇ be provided for
the towen as the law directs； not visious in conversation。〃 That was
perhaps demanding too much； for it was not until 〃May ye7〃 of the
following year that the selectmen were fortunate enough to put their finger
on this rara avis in the person of Mr。 Tho。 Phippes； who agreed 〃to be
scollmaster for the the towen this yr insewing for teaching the inhabitants
children in such manner as other schollmasters yously doe throughout the
countrie： for his soe doinge we the sellectt men in behalfe of ower towen
doe ingage to pay him by way of rate twenty pounds and yt he shall and
may reserve from every father or master that sends theyer children to
school this yeare after ye rate of 16s。 for readers； writers and cypherers
20s。； Lattiners 24s。〃
Modern advocates of phonetic spelling need not plume themselves on
their originality。 The town clerk who wrote that delicious 〃yously doe〃
settles the question。 It is to be hoped that Mr。 Tho。 Phippes was not only
〃not visious in conversation；〃 but was more conventional in his
orthography。 He evidently gave satisfaction； and clearly exerted an
influence on the town clerk； Mr。 Samuel Keais； who ever after shows a
marked improvement in his own methods。 In 1704 the town empowered
the selectmen 〃to call and settell a gramer scoll according to ye best of
yower judgement and for ye advantag ＇Keais is obviously dead now＇ of ye
youth of ower town to learn them to read from ye primer； to wright and
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sypher and to learne ym the tongues and good…manners。〃 On this occasion
it was Mr。 William Allen； of Salisbury； who engaged 〃dilligently to attend
ye school for ye present yeare； and tech all childern yt can read in thaire
psallters and upward。〃 From such humble beginnings were evolved some
of the best public high schools at present in New England。
Portsmouth did not escape the witchcraft delusion； though I believe
that no hangings took place within the boundaries of the township。
Dwellers by the sea are generally superstitious； sailors always are。 There is
something in the illimitable expanse of sky and water that dilates the
imagination。 The folk who live along the coast live on the edge of a
perpetual mystery； only a strip of yellow sand or gray rock separates them
from the unknown； they hear strange voices in the winds at midnight； they
are haunted by the spectres of the mirage。 Their minds quickly take the
impress of uncanny things。 The witches therefore found a sympathetic
atmosphere in Newscastle； at the mouth of the Piscataquathat slender
paw of land which reaches out into the ocean and terminates in a spread of
sharp； flat rocks； lie the claws of an amorous cat。 What happened to the
good folk of that picturesque little fishing…hamlet is worth retelling in brief。
In order properly to retell it； a contemporary witness shall be called upon
to testify in the case of the Stone…Throwing Devils of Newcastle。 It is the
Rev。 Cotton Mather who addresses you 〃On June 11； 1682； showers of
stones were thrown by an invisible hand upon the house of George Walton
at Portsmouth ＇Newcastle was then a part of the town＇。 Whereupon the
people going out found the gate wrung off the hinges； and stones flying
and falling thick about them； and striking of them seemingly with a great
force； but really affecting 'em no more than if a soft touch were given
them。 The glass windows were broken by the stones that came not from
without； but from within； and other instruments were in a like manner
hurled about。 Nine of the stones they took up； whereof some were as hot
as if they came out of the fire； and marking them they laid them on the